Mental Health Exam 2
Psychopharmacology
Drugs used to treat dementia Ans- Donepezil/Rivastigmine/Galantamine, Memantine
Donepezil/Rivastigmine/Galantamine are all Ans- Cholinesterase Inhibitors
cholinesterase inhibitors MOA Ans- Inhibition the breakdown of ACh by
acetylcholinesterases
cholinesterase inhibitors adverse effects Ans- cholinergic side effects- increased
salivation, lacrimation, urination, GI secretions, Diarrhea, emesis, mucus, bradycardia.
cholinesterase inhibitors cannot treat dementia but can... Ans- only slow progression
down
nursing considerations for cholinesterase inhibitors Ans- monitor vitals signs and
oxygen level, I/Os, treat severe cholinergic effects with atropine.
atropine Ans- works to counteract toxicity of cholinesterase inhibitors and decrease
cholinergic side effects
client/ family teaching for the patient on cholinesterase inhibitors Ans- report any
abnormal reactions or intolerable side effects. Take medication on schedule, allow a
caregiver to help with that. Must take medication as prescribed and not stop medication.
Teach that medication will not cure disease, only slow it down.
what patient populations should we not use cholinesterase inhibitors with? Ans- GI and
renal impairments,seizure disorders, hyperthyroidism,PUD, asthma, hypotension
concern with patients with asthma taking cholinesterase inhibitors Ans- can cause
bronchoconstriction, worsening the asthma
Memantine is a Ans- NMDA drug
NMDA drugs do what? Ans- prevents the breakdown of Ach, better tolerated than
cholinesterase inhibitors
NMDA drugs have an effect on which disease process? Ans- slow progression of
moderate to severe alzheimers.
, NMDA drugs adverse effects Ans- dizziness, HA,confusion,constipation.
Benzodiazepine indications Ans- Anxiety disorders
Alcohol withdrawal
Hyperexcitability and agitation
Preoperative relief of anxiety and tension
Benzodiazepine use and alcohol withdrawal Ans- decreases intensity of withdrawal
symptoms, used as a substitute therapy during alcohol withdrawal.
Benzodiazepines adverse effects Ans- CNS depression, anterograde amnesia, sleep
driving, staying up, rowdy, respiratory depression,abuse
Benzodiazepine toxicity Ans- PO: drowsiness, lethargy, confusion.
IV- hypotension, respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest.
Nursing interventions for benzodiazepine use Ans- administer around the clock or PRN,
obtain vital signs, assess neurological status, provide seizure precautions.
Client education for benzodiazepine use Ans- take as prescribed, do not stop
medication, must taper medication, take with meals or at bedtime, swallow tablets
whole, educate on abuse potential and to store them in a safe place. do not drink
alcohol
Disulfram is used for Ans- alcohol abstinence maintenance
Examples of Benzodiazepines Ans- diazepam
lorazepam
alprazolam
Disulfram effects Ans- Daily oral medication that is a type of aversion (behavioral)
therapy.
Used concurrently with alcohol will cause acetaldehyde syndrome to occur. can make
patient very sick if patient drinks alcohol
Acetaldehyde syndrome s/s Ans- nausea, vomiting, weakness, sweating, palpitations,
and hypotension. Can progress to respiratory depression, cardiovascular suppression,
seizures, and death.
what to monitor with disulfiram use Ans- liver function tests
client education with disulfiram use Ans- Drinking any alcohol is potentially dangerous.
Avoid use or contact with any products that containalcohol (cough syrup, aftershave
lotion, mouthwash,hand sanitizer).
Wear a medical alert bracelet.
Psychopharmacology
Drugs used to treat dementia Ans- Donepezil/Rivastigmine/Galantamine, Memantine
Donepezil/Rivastigmine/Galantamine are all Ans- Cholinesterase Inhibitors
cholinesterase inhibitors MOA Ans- Inhibition the breakdown of ACh by
acetylcholinesterases
cholinesterase inhibitors adverse effects Ans- cholinergic side effects- increased
salivation, lacrimation, urination, GI secretions, Diarrhea, emesis, mucus, bradycardia.
cholinesterase inhibitors cannot treat dementia but can... Ans- only slow progression
down
nursing considerations for cholinesterase inhibitors Ans- monitor vitals signs and
oxygen level, I/Os, treat severe cholinergic effects with atropine.
atropine Ans- works to counteract toxicity of cholinesterase inhibitors and decrease
cholinergic side effects
client/ family teaching for the patient on cholinesterase inhibitors Ans- report any
abnormal reactions or intolerable side effects. Take medication on schedule, allow a
caregiver to help with that. Must take medication as prescribed and not stop medication.
Teach that medication will not cure disease, only slow it down.
what patient populations should we not use cholinesterase inhibitors with? Ans- GI and
renal impairments,seizure disorders, hyperthyroidism,PUD, asthma, hypotension
concern with patients with asthma taking cholinesterase inhibitors Ans- can cause
bronchoconstriction, worsening the asthma
Memantine is a Ans- NMDA drug
NMDA drugs do what? Ans- prevents the breakdown of Ach, better tolerated than
cholinesterase inhibitors
NMDA drugs have an effect on which disease process? Ans- slow progression of
moderate to severe alzheimers.
, NMDA drugs adverse effects Ans- dizziness, HA,confusion,constipation.
Benzodiazepine indications Ans- Anxiety disorders
Alcohol withdrawal
Hyperexcitability and agitation
Preoperative relief of anxiety and tension
Benzodiazepine use and alcohol withdrawal Ans- decreases intensity of withdrawal
symptoms, used as a substitute therapy during alcohol withdrawal.
Benzodiazepines adverse effects Ans- CNS depression, anterograde amnesia, sleep
driving, staying up, rowdy, respiratory depression,abuse
Benzodiazepine toxicity Ans- PO: drowsiness, lethargy, confusion.
IV- hypotension, respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest.
Nursing interventions for benzodiazepine use Ans- administer around the clock or PRN,
obtain vital signs, assess neurological status, provide seizure precautions.
Client education for benzodiazepine use Ans- take as prescribed, do not stop
medication, must taper medication, take with meals or at bedtime, swallow tablets
whole, educate on abuse potential and to store them in a safe place. do not drink
alcohol
Disulfram is used for Ans- alcohol abstinence maintenance
Examples of Benzodiazepines Ans- diazepam
lorazepam
alprazolam
Disulfram effects Ans- Daily oral medication that is a type of aversion (behavioral)
therapy.
Used concurrently with alcohol will cause acetaldehyde syndrome to occur. can make
patient very sick if patient drinks alcohol
Acetaldehyde syndrome s/s Ans- nausea, vomiting, weakness, sweating, palpitations,
and hypotension. Can progress to respiratory depression, cardiovascular suppression,
seizures, and death.
what to monitor with disulfiram use Ans- liver function tests
client education with disulfiram use Ans- Drinking any alcohol is potentially dangerous.
Avoid use or contact with any products that containalcohol (cough syrup, aftershave
lotion, mouthwash,hand sanitizer).
Wear a medical alert bracelet.
