Ch 18 Questions
1. The person at highest risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI) is
A. black and economically disadvantaged. Correct
Those at highest risk for TBI are children 0–4 years of age, older adolescents
aged 15–19 years, and adults aged 65 years and older. Males have the highest
incidence in every age group. TBI is highest among black and in lower- and
median-income families.
B. male and disabled.
C. female and over 20 years of age.
D. an economically advantaged young adult.
2. 2.ID: 18662106476
Age and the admission of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) are important diagnostic
factors in TBI. Which GCS score describes a severe TBI?
A. 13–15
B. 12–13
C. 9–12
D. 3–8 Correct
The hallmark of a severe TBI is a loss of consciousness for more than 24 hours.
A severe TBI is a GCS score of 8 or less associated with cognitive and/or
physical disability or death.
3. 3.ID: 18662106484
An older adult who abuses alcohol has fallen and is diagnosed with a hematoma that is
located on the top of the brain. Which type of hematoma fits this description?
A. Subdural Correct
Acute subdural hematomas rapidly develop (within hours) and are usually
located at the top of the skull. Subacute subdural hematomas develop more
slowly, often over 48 hours to 2 weeks. Falls, especially in older adults or in
those with long-term alcohol abuse, are associated with chronic subdural
hematomas. Chronic subdural hematomas develop over weeks to months.
Extradural or epidural hemorrhages occur between the dura and the skull and
are most likely caused by a temporal fracture. Intracerebral hematomas occur
in 2% to 3% of head injuries and are not located on top of the brain.
B. Epidural
C. Extradural
D. Intracerebral
4. 4.ID: 18662106492
A patient is hit in the temporal portion of his skull. Although initial loss of consciousness
occurs, the patient soon awakens and is conversant. Three hours later vomiting,
drowsiness, and confusion are noted. These symptoms are most likely related to which
type of brain injury?
A. Diffuse axonal
B. Intracerebral
, C. Subdural
D. Epidural Correct
The classical presentation of an epidural hematoma is a person hit in the
temporal area with damage to the middle meningeal artery. The patient will
lose consciousness at the time of injury, but there may be a period where
consciousness is regained. The patient will then become more confused and
drowsy. This scenario is not typical with the other types of brain injury.
A person experiences a vertebral fracture in which the C1 vertebra is fractured into
several fragments. This type of fracture can be described as which of the following?
E. Simple
F. Compressed
G. Comminuted Correct
A comminuted fracture is also called a burst fracture, in which the vertebral
body is shattered into several fragments. A simple fracture is a single break
usually affecting the transverse or spinous process. A compressed fracture is
also called a wedge fracture; it occurs when a crush type of injury occurs and
the vertebra is anteriorly compressed.
H. Wedge
Which statement is true regarding spinal shock?
I. It is characterized by a complete loss of reflex function. Correct
Spinal shock is characterized by a complete loss of reflex function, flaccid
paralysis, sensory deficit, and loss of bladder and rectal control in all segments
below the level of the lesion. Because an interruption occurs in the
communication with the spinal nerves, often a transient drop in blood pressure
transpires and disturbed thermal regulation with faulty control of sweating
ensues. Uncontrolled heat radiation through capillary dilation also occurs.
Spinal shock may persist for a few days up to 3 months.
J. It is permanent.
K. It causes increased muscle tone below the lesion.
L. No disruption of thermal control results.
Which statement is true regarding the epidemiologic effects of an acute cerebrovascular
accident (CVA)?
M. The incidence of a CVA is twice as high among whites than it is among
blacks in the United States.
N. CVAs are the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. Correct
Strokes are the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. The incidence
of stroke is approximately two times higher among blacks than it is among
whites. Of the 795,000 new and recurrent strokes that occur annually in the
United States, approximately 185,000 of these are recurrent.
O. Fifty percent of all strokes are recurrent.
P. Two million individuals are victims of stroke each year in the United
States.
, A 23-year-old reports bilateral pain with a sensation of a tight band around the head.
Which type of headache fits this description?
Q. Migraine with aura
R. Migraine without aura
S. Tension headache Correct
Tension headache is the most common type of headache, often feels like a
band is constricting the head, and is bilateral. Migraines tend to throb and are
often unilateral. A migraine is classified as with and without aura and is
precipitated by a triggering event. Cluster headaches are more common in men
and occur in episodes several times during a day for a period of days at
different times of the year. The pain of a cluster headache is unilateral, intense,
tearing, and burning.
T. Cluster headache
Which primary brain tumor occurs most commonly?
U. Astrocytoma Correct
Astrocytomas are the most common brain tumors and account for 50% of brain
and spinal tumors. Ependymomas are gliomas that arise from ependymal cells
and account for 6% of primary brain tumors in adults. Oligodendrogliomas are
less commonly occurring gliomas and account for 2% of primary brain tumors.
Meningiomas account for approximately 3% to 4% of all intracranial tumors.
V. Ependymoma
W. Oligodendroglioma
X. Meningioma
Which statement is true regarding migraine? (Select all that apply.)
Y. An electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used to confirm a diagnosis of
migraine headache. Correct
Z. Migraines occur most frequently before and during menses. Correct
AA. Migraine is not linked with any other disorder.
BB. Drug therapy always includes the administration of narcotics.
The diagnosis of migraine is made from medical history and a physical examination. An
EEG helps confirm diagnosis. When the headache is not attributable to any other
condition and any two of the following occur—unilateral head pain, pulsating pain, pain
worsening with activity, and moderate or severe pain intensity—and at least one of the
following occur—nausea or vomiting or both, photophobia, and phonophobia—the
diagnosis of migraine is made. Many individuals with migraines have comorbid
depression. Drug therapy includes antiemetic agents, nonsteriodal antiinflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs), ergotamine and dihydroergotamine, and serotonin receptor agonists
(e.g., sumatriptan). Narcotics may be used, but they are not routine.
Ch 19 Questions
1. 1.ID: 18662108872
Which best describes schizophrenia?
A. Positive personality
B. Negative personality
, C. Disruption of thoughts Correct
Schizophrenia is a collection of illnesses characterized by thought disorders that
reflect a break in reality or a splitting of the cognitive from the emotional side of a
person’s personality. It is characterized by positive and negative symptoms.
Hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive defects are components of schizophrenia.
D. Constant hallucinations
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2. 2.ID: 18662108876
A woman with a history of schizophrenia asks the nurse, “Now that I’m pregnant, how
will my mental illness affect my baby?” Which response from the nurse is true regarding
the woman’s child?
A. Schizophrenia may result from neurodevelopmental defects. Correct
Alterations are suspected in the brain structure that may be the result of
neurodevelopmental defects. Researchers believe that environmental factors may
alter brain development; these factors include prenatal infection, prenatal nutritional
deficiencies, perinatal complications, hypoxia, and upbringing in an urban
environment. Researchers also hypothesize that an early brain defect may remain
silent until that part of the brain is used.
B. Research does not indicate any environmental involvement in
schizophrenia.
C. An early brain defect immediately reveals itself.
D. No alterations are suspected in the brain structure. I
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3. 3.ID: 18662108878
When an individual reports that, “Voices are telling me to steal money from the church,”
the nurse determines that the person is experiencing
A. delusions.
B. disorganized speech.
C. disorganized behavior.
D. hallucinations. Correct
A hallucination is a perception experienced without external stimulation of the sense
organs. Sensory hallucinations may involve auditory, tactile, visual, gustatory, and
olfactory features. A delusion is a persistent belief contrary to the educational and
cultural background of the individual. Disorganized speech and behavior (bizarre
behavior) are also positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Incongruity of affect is
another dimension of disorganized behavior.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4. 4.ID: 18662108862
Which term describes the inability to experience emotions, especially pleasure?
A. Alogia
B. Avolition
C. Anhedonia Correct
1. The person at highest risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI) is
A. black and economically disadvantaged. Correct
Those at highest risk for TBI are children 0–4 years of age, older adolescents
aged 15–19 years, and adults aged 65 years and older. Males have the highest
incidence in every age group. TBI is highest among black and in lower- and
median-income families.
B. male and disabled.
C. female and over 20 years of age.
D. an economically advantaged young adult.
2. 2.ID: 18662106476
Age and the admission of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) are important diagnostic
factors in TBI. Which GCS score describes a severe TBI?
A. 13–15
B. 12–13
C. 9–12
D. 3–8 Correct
The hallmark of a severe TBI is a loss of consciousness for more than 24 hours.
A severe TBI is a GCS score of 8 or less associated with cognitive and/or
physical disability or death.
3. 3.ID: 18662106484
An older adult who abuses alcohol has fallen and is diagnosed with a hematoma that is
located on the top of the brain. Which type of hematoma fits this description?
A. Subdural Correct
Acute subdural hematomas rapidly develop (within hours) and are usually
located at the top of the skull. Subacute subdural hematomas develop more
slowly, often over 48 hours to 2 weeks. Falls, especially in older adults or in
those with long-term alcohol abuse, are associated with chronic subdural
hematomas. Chronic subdural hematomas develop over weeks to months.
Extradural or epidural hemorrhages occur between the dura and the skull and
are most likely caused by a temporal fracture. Intracerebral hematomas occur
in 2% to 3% of head injuries and are not located on top of the brain.
B. Epidural
C. Extradural
D. Intracerebral
4. 4.ID: 18662106492
A patient is hit in the temporal portion of his skull. Although initial loss of consciousness
occurs, the patient soon awakens and is conversant. Three hours later vomiting,
drowsiness, and confusion are noted. These symptoms are most likely related to which
type of brain injury?
A. Diffuse axonal
B. Intracerebral
, C. Subdural
D. Epidural Correct
The classical presentation of an epidural hematoma is a person hit in the
temporal area with damage to the middle meningeal artery. The patient will
lose consciousness at the time of injury, but there may be a period where
consciousness is regained. The patient will then become more confused and
drowsy. This scenario is not typical with the other types of brain injury.
A person experiences a vertebral fracture in which the C1 vertebra is fractured into
several fragments. This type of fracture can be described as which of the following?
E. Simple
F. Compressed
G. Comminuted Correct
A comminuted fracture is also called a burst fracture, in which the vertebral
body is shattered into several fragments. A simple fracture is a single break
usually affecting the transverse or spinous process. A compressed fracture is
also called a wedge fracture; it occurs when a crush type of injury occurs and
the vertebra is anteriorly compressed.
H. Wedge
Which statement is true regarding spinal shock?
I. It is characterized by a complete loss of reflex function. Correct
Spinal shock is characterized by a complete loss of reflex function, flaccid
paralysis, sensory deficit, and loss of bladder and rectal control in all segments
below the level of the lesion. Because an interruption occurs in the
communication with the spinal nerves, often a transient drop in blood pressure
transpires and disturbed thermal regulation with faulty control of sweating
ensues. Uncontrolled heat radiation through capillary dilation also occurs.
Spinal shock may persist for a few days up to 3 months.
J. It is permanent.
K. It causes increased muscle tone below the lesion.
L. No disruption of thermal control results.
Which statement is true regarding the epidemiologic effects of an acute cerebrovascular
accident (CVA)?
M. The incidence of a CVA is twice as high among whites than it is among
blacks in the United States.
N. CVAs are the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. Correct
Strokes are the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. The incidence
of stroke is approximately two times higher among blacks than it is among
whites. Of the 795,000 new and recurrent strokes that occur annually in the
United States, approximately 185,000 of these are recurrent.
O. Fifty percent of all strokes are recurrent.
P. Two million individuals are victims of stroke each year in the United
States.
, A 23-year-old reports bilateral pain with a sensation of a tight band around the head.
Which type of headache fits this description?
Q. Migraine with aura
R. Migraine without aura
S. Tension headache Correct
Tension headache is the most common type of headache, often feels like a
band is constricting the head, and is bilateral. Migraines tend to throb and are
often unilateral. A migraine is classified as with and without aura and is
precipitated by a triggering event. Cluster headaches are more common in men
and occur in episodes several times during a day for a period of days at
different times of the year. The pain of a cluster headache is unilateral, intense,
tearing, and burning.
T. Cluster headache
Which primary brain tumor occurs most commonly?
U. Astrocytoma Correct
Astrocytomas are the most common brain tumors and account for 50% of brain
and spinal tumors. Ependymomas are gliomas that arise from ependymal cells
and account for 6% of primary brain tumors in adults. Oligodendrogliomas are
less commonly occurring gliomas and account for 2% of primary brain tumors.
Meningiomas account for approximately 3% to 4% of all intracranial tumors.
V. Ependymoma
W. Oligodendroglioma
X. Meningioma
Which statement is true regarding migraine? (Select all that apply.)
Y. An electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used to confirm a diagnosis of
migraine headache. Correct
Z. Migraines occur most frequently before and during menses. Correct
AA. Migraine is not linked with any other disorder.
BB. Drug therapy always includes the administration of narcotics.
The diagnosis of migraine is made from medical history and a physical examination. An
EEG helps confirm diagnosis. When the headache is not attributable to any other
condition and any two of the following occur—unilateral head pain, pulsating pain, pain
worsening with activity, and moderate or severe pain intensity—and at least one of the
following occur—nausea or vomiting or both, photophobia, and phonophobia—the
diagnosis of migraine is made. Many individuals with migraines have comorbid
depression. Drug therapy includes antiemetic agents, nonsteriodal antiinflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs), ergotamine and dihydroergotamine, and serotonin receptor agonists
(e.g., sumatriptan). Narcotics may be used, but they are not routine.
Ch 19 Questions
1. 1.ID: 18662108872
Which best describes schizophrenia?
A. Positive personality
B. Negative personality
, C. Disruption of thoughts Correct
Schizophrenia is a collection of illnesses characterized by thought disorders that
reflect a break in reality or a splitting of the cognitive from the emotional side of a
person’s personality. It is characterized by positive and negative symptoms.
Hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive defects are components of schizophrenia.
D. Constant hallucinations
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2. 2.ID: 18662108876
A woman with a history of schizophrenia asks the nurse, “Now that I’m pregnant, how
will my mental illness affect my baby?” Which response from the nurse is true regarding
the woman’s child?
A. Schizophrenia may result from neurodevelopmental defects. Correct
Alterations are suspected in the brain structure that may be the result of
neurodevelopmental defects. Researchers believe that environmental factors may
alter brain development; these factors include prenatal infection, prenatal nutritional
deficiencies, perinatal complications, hypoxia, and upbringing in an urban
environment. Researchers also hypothesize that an early brain defect may remain
silent until that part of the brain is used.
B. Research does not indicate any environmental involvement in
schizophrenia.
C. An early brain defect immediately reveals itself.
D. No alterations are suspected in the brain structure. I
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3. 3.ID: 18662108878
When an individual reports that, “Voices are telling me to steal money from the church,”
the nurse determines that the person is experiencing
A. delusions.
B. disorganized speech.
C. disorganized behavior.
D. hallucinations. Correct
A hallucination is a perception experienced without external stimulation of the sense
organs. Sensory hallucinations may involve auditory, tactile, visual, gustatory, and
olfactory features. A delusion is a persistent belief contrary to the educational and
cultural background of the individual. Disorganized speech and behavior (bizarre
behavior) are also positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Incongruity of affect is
another dimension of disorganized behavior.
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4. 4.ID: 18662108862
Which term describes the inability to experience emotions, especially pleasure?
A. Alogia
B. Avolition
C. Anhedonia Correct
