The morning laboratory results of a patient admitted with heart failure reveal a
serum potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L. Which classification of medications would be
withheld until consulting with the health care provider?
1
Antibiotics
Correct2
Loop diuretics
3
Bronchodilators
4
Antihypertensives
Loop diuretics are contraindicated during episodes of hypokalemia because these medications cause the
kidneys to excrete sodium and potassium. Thus administration of this type of medication at this time
would worsen the hypokalemia, putting the patient at risk for dysrhythmias. The prescribing health care
provider should be consulted for potassium replacement therapy, and the drug should be withheld until
the potassium has returned to normal range. Antibiotics, bronchodilators, and antihypertensives are not
an issue in this case.
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2. 12686574086
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2.
The IV prescription reads "1000 mL of D5.45 normal saline (NS) with 40 mEq
KCl/L at 125 mL/hour." The nurse needs to add KCl to the liter of D5.45 NS solution
because no premixed solutions are available. The unit's medication supply has a
stock of KCl 5 mEq/mL in multidose vials. The nurse would need to draw up
__________ mL of KCl to add to the IV solution. Record your answer using a whole
number.
The end concentration of the KCl is listed on the vial as follows: "5 mEq/mL." Using ratio and proportion,
multiply 5 by x and multiply 40 × 1 to yield 5x = 40. Divide 40 by 5 to yield 8 mL. The nurse would add 8
mL of KCl to the 1000 mL of D5.45 NS.
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3. 12686498534
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3.
Which process of molecule transport would occur when a patient develops pedal
edema and their blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg?
Correct1
Osmosis
2
Diffusion
3
Active transport
4
Facilitated diffusion
A patient with blood pressure of 160/90 mm Hg has hypertension and develops pedal edema due to
excess sodium in the blood. This leads to movement of water down the gradient. Therefore the water
from the blood vessels moves from higher concentrations to lower concentration across the
semipermeable membrane with the help of osmotic pressure and leads to accumulation of water in the
extracellular spaces. This movement of water across a semipermeable membrane to balance the solute is
called osmosis. Diffusion and facilitated diffusion involve molecules moving from a higher to lower
concentrations, and active transport involves molecules moving from a lower to higher concentration.
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4. 12686499726
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Issue with this question?
4.
Which solution would the nurse select as the most effective means of killing
harmful bacteria when preparing to cleanse the skin around a central venous access
device?
1
Sterile saline solution
2
Isopropyl alcohol solution
3
Povidone-alcohol solution
Correct4
Chlorhexidine-based solution
,Chlorhexidine-based solutions such as chlorhexidine gluconate have been shown to be more effective at
killing bacteria than povidone-alcohol or isopropyl alcohol solutions. Therefore chlorhexidine-based
solutions should be used to cleanse around the central venous access device. A sterile saline solution
does not have any antiseptic properties.
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5. 12686498519
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Issue with this question?
5.
When assessing a patient with Cushing syndrome, which clinical manifestation
would the nurse observe?
Correct1
Dyspnea
2
Hypoglycemia
3
Weight loss
4
Hypotension
The nurse would anticipate observing dyspnea in a patient with Cushing syndrome
(hyperadrenocorticism) because this condition can cause excess extracellular volume accumulation,
which blocks interstitial air and tissue spaces and results in dyspnea, crackles, and peripheral edema.
Hypoglycemia, weight loss, and hypotension are the common manifestations of Addison’s disease
(hypoadrenocorticism).
Test-Taking Tip: Identifying content and what is being asked about that content is critical to choosing the
correct response. Be alert for words in the stem of the item that are the same or similar in nature to those
in one or two of the options.
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6. 12686498536
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Issue with this question?
6.
The nurse provided care instructions for an older adult patient’s dementia and fluid
balance maintenance at home. Which caregiver statements indicate understanding
of the nurse’s teachings? Select all that apply.
Correct1
"I should increase fluid intake and lower dietary sodium."
, 2
"I should provide fluids only when the patient voices thirst."
Correct3
"I should assist the patient when holding utensils and cups."
Correct4
"I should encourage the patient to pass urine before going to bed."
5
"I will make sure the patient has a glass of milk near them all the time."
The caregiver would decrease the patient’s dietary sodium intake. Musculoskeletal changes such as
stiffness of the hands and fingers may lead to an inability to hold containers and requires assistance. The
patient should make a habit of urinating before bed to decrease the chance of nocturia. Mental status
alterations are a common problem in old age and may lead to decreased ability to express thirst and
obtain fluids. Therefore older adult patients are always encouraged to drink fluids, even when they are not
requesting them. The patient would need to increase their intake of other fluids, with water being the
better fluid source.
72%of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
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7. 12686571631
Confidence: Nailed it
Stats
Issue with this question?
7.
Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to see when assessing a
patient with hypocalcemia?
1
Shortened ST segment
Correct2
Prolonged QT segment
3
Ventricular dysrhythmias
4
Increased digitalis effects
A prolonged QT segment is a clinical manifestation the nurse should expect to see when assessing a
patient with hypocalcemia. A shortened ST segment, ventricular dysrhythmias, and increased digitalis
effects are anticipated when assessing a patient with hypercalcemia.
67%of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
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8. 12686574062
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serum potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L. Which classification of medications would be
withheld until consulting with the health care provider?
1
Antibiotics
Correct2
Loop diuretics
3
Bronchodilators
4
Antihypertensives
Loop diuretics are contraindicated during episodes of hypokalemia because these medications cause the
kidneys to excrete sodium and potassium. Thus administration of this type of medication at this time
would worsen the hypokalemia, putting the patient at risk for dysrhythmias. The prescribing health care
provider should be consulted for potassium replacement therapy, and the drug should be withheld until
the potassium has returned to normal range. Antibiotics, bronchodilators, and antihypertensives are not
an issue in this case.
91%of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
View Topics
2. 12686574086
Confidence: Nailed it
Stats
Issue with this question?
2.
The IV prescription reads "1000 mL of D5.45 normal saline (NS) with 40 mEq
KCl/L at 125 mL/hour." The nurse needs to add KCl to the liter of D5.45 NS solution
because no premixed solutions are available. The unit's medication supply has a
stock of KCl 5 mEq/mL in multidose vials. The nurse would need to draw up
__________ mL of KCl to add to the IV solution. Record your answer using a whole
number.
The end concentration of the KCl is listed on the vial as follows: "5 mEq/mL." Using ratio and proportion,
multiply 5 by x and multiply 40 × 1 to yield 5x = 40. Divide 40 by 5 to yield 8 mL. The nurse would add 8
mL of KCl to the 1000 mL of D5.45 NS.
67%of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
,View Topics
3. 12686498534
Confidence: Nailed it
Stats
Issue with this question?
3.
Which process of molecule transport would occur when a patient develops pedal
edema and their blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg?
Correct1
Osmosis
2
Diffusion
3
Active transport
4
Facilitated diffusion
A patient with blood pressure of 160/90 mm Hg has hypertension and develops pedal edema due to
excess sodium in the blood. This leads to movement of water down the gradient. Therefore the water
from the blood vessels moves from higher concentrations to lower concentration across the
semipermeable membrane with the help of osmotic pressure and leads to accumulation of water in the
extracellular spaces. This movement of water across a semipermeable membrane to balance the solute is
called osmosis. Diffusion and facilitated diffusion involve molecules moving from a higher to lower
concentrations, and active transport involves molecules moving from a lower to higher concentration.
75%of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
View Topics
4. 12686499726
Confidence: Nailed it
Stats
Issue with this question?
4.
Which solution would the nurse select as the most effective means of killing
harmful bacteria when preparing to cleanse the skin around a central venous access
device?
1
Sterile saline solution
2
Isopropyl alcohol solution
3
Povidone-alcohol solution
Correct4
Chlorhexidine-based solution
,Chlorhexidine-based solutions such as chlorhexidine gluconate have been shown to be more effective at
killing bacteria than povidone-alcohol or isopropyl alcohol solutions. Therefore chlorhexidine-based
solutions should be used to cleanse around the central venous access device. A sterile saline solution
does not have any antiseptic properties.
84%of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
View Topics
5. 12686498519
Confidence: Nailed it
Stats
Issue with this question?
5.
When assessing a patient with Cushing syndrome, which clinical manifestation
would the nurse observe?
Correct1
Dyspnea
2
Hypoglycemia
3
Weight loss
4
Hypotension
The nurse would anticipate observing dyspnea in a patient with Cushing syndrome
(hyperadrenocorticism) because this condition can cause excess extracellular volume accumulation,
which blocks interstitial air and tissue spaces and results in dyspnea, crackles, and peripheral edema.
Hypoglycemia, weight loss, and hypotension are the common manifestations of Addison’s disease
(hypoadrenocorticism).
Test-Taking Tip: Identifying content and what is being asked about that content is critical to choosing the
correct response. Be alert for words in the stem of the item that are the same or similar in nature to those
in one or two of the options.
66%of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
View Topics
6. 12686498536
Confidence: Nailed it
Stats
Issue with this question?
6.
The nurse provided care instructions for an older adult patient’s dementia and fluid
balance maintenance at home. Which caregiver statements indicate understanding
of the nurse’s teachings? Select all that apply.
Correct1
"I should increase fluid intake and lower dietary sodium."
, 2
"I should provide fluids only when the patient voices thirst."
Correct3
"I should assist the patient when holding utensils and cups."
Correct4
"I should encourage the patient to pass urine before going to bed."
5
"I will make sure the patient has a glass of milk near them all the time."
The caregiver would decrease the patient’s dietary sodium intake. Musculoskeletal changes such as
stiffness of the hands and fingers may lead to an inability to hold containers and requires assistance. The
patient should make a habit of urinating before bed to decrease the chance of nocturia. Mental status
alterations are a common problem in old age and may lead to decreased ability to express thirst and
obtain fluids. Therefore older adult patients are always encouraged to drink fluids, even when they are not
requesting them. The patient would need to increase their intake of other fluids, with water being the
better fluid source.
72%of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
View Topics
7. 12686571631
Confidence: Nailed it
Stats
Issue with this question?
7.
Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to see when assessing a
patient with hypocalcemia?
1
Shortened ST segment
Correct2
Prolonged QT segment
3
Ventricular dysrhythmias
4
Increased digitalis effects
A prolonged QT segment is a clinical manifestation the nurse should expect to see when assessing a
patient with hypocalcemia. A shortened ST segment, ventricular dysrhythmias, and increased digitalis
effects are anticipated when assessing a patient with hypercalcemia.
67%of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
View Topics
8. 12686574062
Confidence: Nailed it
