GCSE AQA Biology Paper 2 2022
Foundation
Homeostasis - Answer The regulation of the conditions inside your body and cells to
maintain a good internal environment
Receptors - Answer detect stimuli
Coordination centre - Answer Receives and processes the information from the
receptors then organises a response
Effectors - Answer Producers a response to counteract change and restore optimal
conditions
What are the 3 things maintained by homeostasis? - Answer Body temperature, blood
glucose levels, water content
What are neurones? - Answer Cells that carry information as electrical impulses to the
nervous system
What are synapses? - Answer The connection between two neurones. A nerve signal is
transferred across a synapse by the diffusion of chemicals
What are reflex arcs? - Answer Rapid, automatic responses to certain stimuli that don't
involve the conscious part of the brain
What are the five steps in a reflex arc? - Answer - Stimulation of pain receptor
- Impulses travel along sensory neurones
- Impulses passed along relay neurone
- Impulses travel along motor neurones
- Muscle contracts and arm moves
What is the endocrine system? - Answer A system of glands that secrete hormones
directly into the bloodstream, which then target organs
What is the purpose of the endocrine system? - Answer Helps us coordinate our
behaviour and maintain conditions throughout the body
What is the pituitary gland? - Answer The master gland, found in brain, it is linked to
hypothalamus as it helps organise responses detected by it. triggers other glands
What is the thyroid gland? - Answer a large ductless gland in the neck that producers
thyroxine which regulates metabolism, heart rate and temperature
What is the adrenal gland? - Answer Found above the kidneys, producers adrenaline
which triggers the body's 'fight or flight' reaction to stimuli
, GCSE AQA Biology Paper 2 2022
Foundation
What is the pancreas? - Answer An organ that producers insulin and glucagon to help
maintain blood glucose levels
What are the ovaries? - Answer Glands found in females, produce oestrogen which
control puberty and regulate menstrual cycle
What are the testes? - Answer Glands found in males, control puberty and sperm
productions
What are the differences between the nervous system and endocrine system? - Answer
The effects of the endocrine system take a slower amount of time to occur but last
longer
How are boood glucose levels controlled? - Answer - Blood has too much glucose
- Pancreas detects this and secretes insulin
- Insulin causes glucose to move into cells
- Insulin makes the liver turn glucose into glycogen which is stored in the liver and
muscles
- Blood glucose reduced
What is type 1 diabetes? - Answer where the pancreas produces little to no insulin,
causes blood glucose levels to rise to dangerously high levels
How is type 1 diabetes treated? - Answer By injecting insulin
What is type 2 diabetes? - Answer Causes by bad diet, causes cells to no longer
respond to insulin properly
How is Type 2 diabetes treated? - Answer carbohydrate controlled diet and exercise
regime
What is puberty? - Answer When the body starts releasing sex hormones which trigger
the development of secondary sexual characteristics
What are the four stages of the menstrual cycle? - Answer - Menstruation starts. Uterus
lining breaks down
- Uterus lining builds up into thick spongy layer of blood vessels ready to receive a
fertilised egg
- Egg is developed and released from ovary in a process called ovulation
- Wall is maintained. If no fertilised egg lands on wall, lining breaks down and cycle
starts again
What are the four hormones that control menstrual cycle? - Answer FSH - causes egg
to mature in ovary
Foundation
Homeostasis - Answer The regulation of the conditions inside your body and cells to
maintain a good internal environment
Receptors - Answer detect stimuli
Coordination centre - Answer Receives and processes the information from the
receptors then organises a response
Effectors - Answer Producers a response to counteract change and restore optimal
conditions
What are the 3 things maintained by homeostasis? - Answer Body temperature, blood
glucose levels, water content
What are neurones? - Answer Cells that carry information as electrical impulses to the
nervous system
What are synapses? - Answer The connection between two neurones. A nerve signal is
transferred across a synapse by the diffusion of chemicals
What are reflex arcs? - Answer Rapid, automatic responses to certain stimuli that don't
involve the conscious part of the brain
What are the five steps in a reflex arc? - Answer - Stimulation of pain receptor
- Impulses travel along sensory neurones
- Impulses passed along relay neurone
- Impulses travel along motor neurones
- Muscle contracts and arm moves
What is the endocrine system? - Answer A system of glands that secrete hormones
directly into the bloodstream, which then target organs
What is the purpose of the endocrine system? - Answer Helps us coordinate our
behaviour and maintain conditions throughout the body
What is the pituitary gland? - Answer The master gland, found in brain, it is linked to
hypothalamus as it helps organise responses detected by it. triggers other glands
What is the thyroid gland? - Answer a large ductless gland in the neck that producers
thyroxine which regulates metabolism, heart rate and temperature
What is the adrenal gland? - Answer Found above the kidneys, producers adrenaline
which triggers the body's 'fight or flight' reaction to stimuli
, GCSE AQA Biology Paper 2 2022
Foundation
What is the pancreas? - Answer An organ that producers insulin and glucagon to help
maintain blood glucose levels
What are the ovaries? - Answer Glands found in females, produce oestrogen which
control puberty and regulate menstrual cycle
What are the testes? - Answer Glands found in males, control puberty and sperm
productions
What are the differences between the nervous system and endocrine system? - Answer
The effects of the endocrine system take a slower amount of time to occur but last
longer
How are boood glucose levels controlled? - Answer - Blood has too much glucose
- Pancreas detects this and secretes insulin
- Insulin causes glucose to move into cells
- Insulin makes the liver turn glucose into glycogen which is stored in the liver and
muscles
- Blood glucose reduced
What is type 1 diabetes? - Answer where the pancreas produces little to no insulin,
causes blood glucose levels to rise to dangerously high levels
How is type 1 diabetes treated? - Answer By injecting insulin
What is type 2 diabetes? - Answer Causes by bad diet, causes cells to no longer
respond to insulin properly
How is Type 2 diabetes treated? - Answer carbohydrate controlled diet and exercise
regime
What is puberty? - Answer When the body starts releasing sex hormones which trigger
the development of secondary sexual characteristics
What are the four stages of the menstrual cycle? - Answer - Menstruation starts. Uterus
lining breaks down
- Uterus lining builds up into thick spongy layer of blood vessels ready to receive a
fertilised egg
- Egg is developed and released from ovary in a process called ovulation
- Wall is maintained. If no fertilised egg lands on wall, lining breaks down and cycle
starts again
What are the four hormones that control menstrual cycle? - Answer FSH - causes egg
to mature in ovary
