IOT 7A&H SEC:1
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1
,IOT 7A&H SEC:1
Part 1
1- Sketch the main CPU components and show the relations between
each of them
The central processing unit (CPU) consists of six main
components:
control unit (CU) arithmetic logic unit (ALU) registers
cache buses clock
Control unit
The CU provides several functions:
it fetches, decodes, and executes instructions
it issues control signals that control hardware
it moves data around the system
2
, IOT 7A&H SEC:1
Arithmetic logic unit
The ALU has two main functions:
It performs arithmetic and logical operations (decisions). The ALU is where
calculations are done and where decisions are made.
It acts as a gateway between primary memory and secondary storage. Data
transferred between them passes through the ALU.
Registers
Registers are small amounts of high-speed memory contained within the CPU.
They are used by the processor to store small amounts of data that are needed
during processing, such as:
the address of the next instruction to be executed
the current instruction being decoded
the results of the calculations
Cache
Cache is a small amount of high-speed random access memory (RAM) built
directly within the processor. It is used to temporarily hold data and instructions
that the processor is likely to reuse. This allows for faster processing as the
processor does not have to wait for the data and instructions to be fetched from
the RAM.
Buses
A bus is a high-speed internal connection. Buses are used to send control signals
and data between the processor and other components.
Clock
The CPU contains a clock that is used to coordinate all of the computer's
components. The clock sends out a regular electrical pulse that synchronizes
(keeps in time) all the components.
3
&
1
,IOT 7A&H SEC:1
Part 1
1- Sketch the main CPU components and show the relations between
each of them
The central processing unit (CPU) consists of six main
components:
control unit (CU) arithmetic logic unit (ALU) registers
cache buses clock
Control unit
The CU provides several functions:
it fetches, decodes, and executes instructions
it issues control signals that control hardware
it moves data around the system
2
, IOT 7A&H SEC:1
Arithmetic logic unit
The ALU has two main functions:
It performs arithmetic and logical operations (decisions). The ALU is where
calculations are done and where decisions are made.
It acts as a gateway between primary memory and secondary storage. Data
transferred between them passes through the ALU.
Registers
Registers are small amounts of high-speed memory contained within the CPU.
They are used by the processor to store small amounts of data that are needed
during processing, such as:
the address of the next instruction to be executed
the current instruction being decoded
the results of the calculations
Cache
Cache is a small amount of high-speed random access memory (RAM) built
directly within the processor. It is used to temporarily hold data and instructions
that the processor is likely to reuse. This allows for faster processing as the
processor does not have to wait for the data and instructions to be fetched from
the RAM.
Buses
A bus is a high-speed internal connection. Buses are used to send control signals
and data between the processor and other components.
Clock
The CPU contains a clock that is used to coordinate all of the computer's
components. The clock sends out a regular electrical pulse that synchronizes
(keeps in time) all the components.
3
