Biology Paper 1 AQA Foundation 2022
What is a chromosome? - Answer A coiled up piece of DNA that has genes that code
for traits.
Name the process of the cell cycle - Answer 1. DNA is spread out in long strings
2. The mitochondria and ribosomes grow
3. The DNA duplicates and is copied forming x shaped chromosomes.
4. The chromosomes are pulled to the opposite end of the cell.
5. Membranes form around the sets of chromosomes. The nucleus has divided.
6. Cytoplasm and cell membrane divides.
What is a stem cell - Answer a cell that can differentiate and become any type of human
cell
What are stem cells used for? - Answer to replace damaged/diseased cells, growth and
repair, preserve rare plant species
Why do some people disagree with stem cell research - Answer They believe human
embryos shouldn't be used as they are a potential human life.
Why do people agree with stem cell research - Answer Can save lives by curing
diseases such as insulin producing cells for diabetes patients and nerve cells for people
paralysed by spinal injuries.
What is diffusion? - Answer The movement of particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.
What factors effect the rate of diffusion? - Answer The concentration gradient, The
Temperature, The Surface Area Of the membrane.
Why do starch, proteins and fats need to be broken down? - Answer They're large
molecules which are too big to pass through the walls of the digestive system.
What is starch broken down into - Answer Sugars/glucose
What are proteins broken down into - Answer amino acids
What are lipids broken down into - Answer fatty acids and glycerol
What breaks down proteins? Where is it made? - Answer protease, the stomach,
pancreas and small intestine
What breaks down lipids/fats? Where is it made? - Answer Lipase, pancreas, small
intestine
What breaks down starch? Where is it made? - Answer amylase, salivary glands,
pancreas, small intestine
, Biology Paper 1 AQA Foundation 2022
What does bile do? Where is it stored? - Answer Bile emulsifies the fats in foods and
neutralises stomach acid in the small intestine. It is stored in the gallbladder and made
in the liver
What does the mouth do? - Answer chews food and mixes it with saliva which breaks
down starch
What does the oesophagus do? - Answer carries food from mouth to stomach
What does the stomach do? - Answer -It pummels the food with its muscular walls
-It produces pepsin, the protease enzyme
-It produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for pepsin to work
What does the liver do? - Answer It produces bile which neutralises stomach acid and
emulsifies fat
What does the pancreas do? - Answer It produces amylase, protease and lipase then
releases them into the small intestine
What does the gallbladder do? - Answer stores bile until needed
What does the small intestine do? - Answer It contains protease, amylase and lipase to
complete digestion. Digested food is absorbed into the blood here
What does the large intestine do? - Answer Reabsorbs water and stores and eliminates
undigested food
Name the 4 chambers of the heart - Answer right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left
ventricle
Name the process of the circulatory system - Answer The vena cava transports blood to
the right atrium. This blood is deoxygenated so it travels to the right ventricle then to the
pulmonary artery which takes the blood to the lungs to be oxygenated. The blood then
returns through the pulmonary vein, down the left atrium, down the left ventricle, up
through the aorta to the rest of the body.
What are coronary arteries? - Answer Arteries that branch off the aorta & surround the
heart, ensuring that it gets all the oxygenated blood it needs
Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right? - Answer The left ventricle must pump
blood throughout the entire body and the right only has to go to the lungs.
What are arteries? - Answer Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
What is a chromosome? - Answer A coiled up piece of DNA that has genes that code
for traits.
Name the process of the cell cycle - Answer 1. DNA is spread out in long strings
2. The mitochondria and ribosomes grow
3. The DNA duplicates and is copied forming x shaped chromosomes.
4. The chromosomes are pulled to the opposite end of the cell.
5. Membranes form around the sets of chromosomes. The nucleus has divided.
6. Cytoplasm and cell membrane divides.
What is a stem cell - Answer a cell that can differentiate and become any type of human
cell
What are stem cells used for? - Answer to replace damaged/diseased cells, growth and
repair, preserve rare plant species
Why do some people disagree with stem cell research - Answer They believe human
embryos shouldn't be used as they are a potential human life.
Why do people agree with stem cell research - Answer Can save lives by curing
diseases such as insulin producing cells for diabetes patients and nerve cells for people
paralysed by spinal injuries.
What is diffusion? - Answer The movement of particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.
What factors effect the rate of diffusion? - Answer The concentration gradient, The
Temperature, The Surface Area Of the membrane.
Why do starch, proteins and fats need to be broken down? - Answer They're large
molecules which are too big to pass through the walls of the digestive system.
What is starch broken down into - Answer Sugars/glucose
What are proteins broken down into - Answer amino acids
What are lipids broken down into - Answer fatty acids and glycerol
What breaks down proteins? Where is it made? - Answer protease, the stomach,
pancreas and small intestine
What breaks down lipids/fats? Where is it made? - Answer Lipase, pancreas, small
intestine
What breaks down starch? Where is it made? - Answer amylase, salivary glands,
pancreas, small intestine
, Biology Paper 1 AQA Foundation 2022
What does bile do? Where is it stored? - Answer Bile emulsifies the fats in foods and
neutralises stomach acid in the small intestine. It is stored in the gallbladder and made
in the liver
What does the mouth do? - Answer chews food and mixes it with saliva which breaks
down starch
What does the oesophagus do? - Answer carries food from mouth to stomach
What does the stomach do? - Answer -It pummels the food with its muscular walls
-It produces pepsin, the protease enzyme
-It produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for pepsin to work
What does the liver do? - Answer It produces bile which neutralises stomach acid and
emulsifies fat
What does the pancreas do? - Answer It produces amylase, protease and lipase then
releases them into the small intestine
What does the gallbladder do? - Answer stores bile until needed
What does the small intestine do? - Answer It contains protease, amylase and lipase to
complete digestion. Digested food is absorbed into the blood here
What does the large intestine do? - Answer Reabsorbs water and stores and eliminates
undigested food
Name the 4 chambers of the heart - Answer right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left
ventricle
Name the process of the circulatory system - Answer The vena cava transports blood to
the right atrium. This blood is deoxygenated so it travels to the right ventricle then to the
pulmonary artery which takes the blood to the lungs to be oxygenated. The blood then
returns through the pulmonary vein, down the left atrium, down the left ventricle, up
through the aorta to the rest of the body.
What are coronary arteries? - Answer Arteries that branch off the aorta & surround the
heart, ensuring that it gets all the oxygenated blood it needs
Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right? - Answer The left ventricle must pump
blood throughout the entire body and the right only has to go to the lungs.
What are arteries? - Answer Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
