GCSE BIOLOGY
Define movement - Answer An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a
change of position or place
Define respiration - Answer The chemical reaction that breaks down nutrient molecules
in living cells to release energy
Respiration word equation - Answer Glucose+oxygen->water+carbon dioxide
Respiration symbol equation - Answer
Define sensitivity - Answer Ability to detect or sense changes in the environment and to
make responses
Define growth - Answer A permanent increase in size and mass by an increase in cell
number or cell size
Define reprouction - Answer Processes that make more of the same kind of organisms
Define excretion - Answer Removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste
product of metabolism and substances in excess requirement
Define nutrition - Answer Taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and
mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing
and assimilating them
Define cell - Answer The smallest structural and functional unit of an aorganism
State differences between the typical animal and plant cell - Answer -Only plant cells
have chloroplasts and cell walls
-Shape of plant cell is more regular
-Animal cells store carbohydrates as glycogen, plant cells store carbohydrates as starch
Function of nucleus (cell) - Answer Contains DNA (Genetic material), which controls cell
activity
Function of cytoplasm - Answer Where chemical reactions take place
Function of cell membrane - Answer Partially permeable membrane which controls
substances that move in and out of the cell
Function of cell wall - Answer Strengthens and protects the cell
Function of chloroplast - Answer Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for
photosyntheis
Word equation for photosynthesis - Answer Carbon dioxide+water->Oxygen+glucose
,GCSE BIOLOGY
Symbol equation fo photosynthesis - Answer
Function of vacuole - Answer Filled with cell sap which helps keep the cell turgid
Function of red blood cell - Answer Carries oxygen around the body to all respiring
tissues
(Contains haemoglobin which picks up oxygen)
How the red blood cell is suitable for its function - Answer -Biconcave shape (Higher
surface area)
-No nucleus (Can move around more easily and allows the cell to hold more oxygen)
Function of root hair cell - Answer To absorb water and mineral ions for the plant (vis
osmosis
How the root hair cell is suitable for its function - Answer -Elongated section to its main
body (Higher surface area)
-Membrane of the root is semi permeable (only water and minerals can go through)
Define diffusion - Answer The net movement of molecules form a region of high
concentration to a region of lower concentration down a concentration gradient (Result
of random movement/brownian motion)
Importance of diffusion in gases - Answer -Necessary for gas exchange in living
organisms
-Necessary for photosynthesis
Importance of diffusion in water as a solvent - Answer -Absorption of minerals in plants
(minerals salt needs to dissolve in water)
-Necessary for excretion (pee)
Define osmosis - Answer The diffusion of water molecules from a region of high
concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semi permeable membrane
Osmosis in plant cells - Answer -Water enters the root hair cell through osmosis
-If vacuoles aren't full of water the cell will become flaccid causing the plant to will
Osmosis in animal cells - Answer -If surrounded with high water potential, water will
enter the cell, if to much water ends up in the cell it will burst
-If surrounded with low water potential, water in cytoplasm will diffuse outwards causing
the cell to shrink
Define enzyme - Answer Proteins that function as biological catalysts (speeds up
reaction in living cells)
,GCSE BIOLOGY
Define substrate molecule - Answer A substance on which enzymes act on
Define active site - Answer A region on an enzyme which binds to the substrate during a
reaction
Explain the lock and key mechanism for enzymes - Answer An enzyme has to be the
right shape for the substrate to fit into. An enzyme will only accept 1 substrate (1
specific chemical reaction)
Temperatures effect on enzymes - Answer -As temperature increase so does the rate of
reaction, up to a certain point. This point is known as the "optimum temperature". If the
temperature goes above this enzyme activity will decrease (denature)
-If the temperature is to low the enzyme will be dormand
PHs effect on enzymes - Answer -Different enzymes work best at different PH s
-If the PH is to low OR to high the enzyme will denature
Function of protease - Answer Breaks down protein
Function of amylase - Answer Breaks down starch
Function of lipase - Answer Breaks down fats and oils
Denature - Answer Change in the structure of the enzyme
What is starch and glycogen made up of - Answer Glucose
What is protein made up of - Answer Amino acids
What are fat and oils made up of - Answer Fatty acids and glycerol
Test for starch - Answer Iodine solution
-Posotive:Blue black
-Negative:Orange yellow
Test for sugars - Answer Benedict solution
-Posotive:Red
-Negative:No change
Chemical elements that make up carbohydrates - Answer Oxygen, carbon and
hydrogen
Chemical elements that make up fats - Answer Oxygen, carbon and hydrogen
Chemical elements that make up proteins - Answer Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
and sulfur
, GCSE BIOLOGY
Function of carbohydrates - Answer Gives the body energy
-found in starch and sugars
Functions of fats - Answer Provides concentrated sources of energy and helps insulate
the body in cold weather
-Saturated fats obtained from animal sources (eg. butter)
-Unsaturated fats come from vegetable sources (eg. sunflower oil)
Function of proteins - Answer Assists in growth and repair
-Found in animal products (eg. Meat, Fish, Cheese, milk)
Function of vitamin C - Answer -Keeps skin healthy
-Protects cell and helps absorb iron
-Found in fruits and vegetables
Function of vitamin D - Answer -Helps absorb calcium
-Keeps teeth and bones strong
-Found in dairy products and eggs
Function of iron - Answer Needed for blood production (production of haemoglobin)
-Found in red meat and liver
Function of calcium - Answer -Keeps bone and teeth strong
-Found in dairy products and fish
Function of water in the human body - Answer Forms 70% of the human body. In cells,
organs and tissues; helps regulate temperature and maintenance of other bodily
functions
Fibre - Answer Indigestible part of food.
-Provides bulk for feaces and keeps the digestive system healthy
-Found in cereal, fruits and vegetables
Vitamin C: Deficiency symptoms - Answer Scurvy (Bleeding gums and lost of teeth)
Vitamin D: Deficiency symptoms - Answer Rickets (Bones stop hardening properly)
Iron: Deficiency symptoms - Answer Anaemia (Reduction in red blood cell or
haemoglobin level)
Calcium: Deficiency symptoms - Answer Poor bone development
Describe the manufacture of yogurt - Answer Micro organisms are added to milk, where
the bacteria ferment (breakdown) the glucose present in the milk to lactic acid which
causes milk to clot making yogurt
Define movement - Answer An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a
change of position or place
Define respiration - Answer The chemical reaction that breaks down nutrient molecules
in living cells to release energy
Respiration word equation - Answer Glucose+oxygen->water+carbon dioxide
Respiration symbol equation - Answer
Define sensitivity - Answer Ability to detect or sense changes in the environment and to
make responses
Define growth - Answer A permanent increase in size and mass by an increase in cell
number or cell size
Define reprouction - Answer Processes that make more of the same kind of organisms
Define excretion - Answer Removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste
product of metabolism and substances in excess requirement
Define nutrition - Answer Taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and
mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing
and assimilating them
Define cell - Answer The smallest structural and functional unit of an aorganism
State differences between the typical animal and plant cell - Answer -Only plant cells
have chloroplasts and cell walls
-Shape of plant cell is more regular
-Animal cells store carbohydrates as glycogen, plant cells store carbohydrates as starch
Function of nucleus (cell) - Answer Contains DNA (Genetic material), which controls cell
activity
Function of cytoplasm - Answer Where chemical reactions take place
Function of cell membrane - Answer Partially permeable membrane which controls
substances that move in and out of the cell
Function of cell wall - Answer Strengthens and protects the cell
Function of chloroplast - Answer Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for
photosyntheis
Word equation for photosynthesis - Answer Carbon dioxide+water->Oxygen+glucose
,GCSE BIOLOGY
Symbol equation fo photosynthesis - Answer
Function of vacuole - Answer Filled with cell sap which helps keep the cell turgid
Function of red blood cell - Answer Carries oxygen around the body to all respiring
tissues
(Contains haemoglobin which picks up oxygen)
How the red blood cell is suitable for its function - Answer -Biconcave shape (Higher
surface area)
-No nucleus (Can move around more easily and allows the cell to hold more oxygen)
Function of root hair cell - Answer To absorb water and mineral ions for the plant (vis
osmosis
How the root hair cell is suitable for its function - Answer -Elongated section to its main
body (Higher surface area)
-Membrane of the root is semi permeable (only water and minerals can go through)
Define diffusion - Answer The net movement of molecules form a region of high
concentration to a region of lower concentration down a concentration gradient (Result
of random movement/brownian motion)
Importance of diffusion in gases - Answer -Necessary for gas exchange in living
organisms
-Necessary for photosynthesis
Importance of diffusion in water as a solvent - Answer -Absorption of minerals in plants
(minerals salt needs to dissolve in water)
-Necessary for excretion (pee)
Define osmosis - Answer The diffusion of water molecules from a region of high
concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semi permeable membrane
Osmosis in plant cells - Answer -Water enters the root hair cell through osmosis
-If vacuoles aren't full of water the cell will become flaccid causing the plant to will
Osmosis in animal cells - Answer -If surrounded with high water potential, water will
enter the cell, if to much water ends up in the cell it will burst
-If surrounded with low water potential, water in cytoplasm will diffuse outwards causing
the cell to shrink
Define enzyme - Answer Proteins that function as biological catalysts (speeds up
reaction in living cells)
,GCSE BIOLOGY
Define substrate molecule - Answer A substance on which enzymes act on
Define active site - Answer A region on an enzyme which binds to the substrate during a
reaction
Explain the lock and key mechanism for enzymes - Answer An enzyme has to be the
right shape for the substrate to fit into. An enzyme will only accept 1 substrate (1
specific chemical reaction)
Temperatures effect on enzymes - Answer -As temperature increase so does the rate of
reaction, up to a certain point. This point is known as the "optimum temperature". If the
temperature goes above this enzyme activity will decrease (denature)
-If the temperature is to low the enzyme will be dormand
PHs effect on enzymes - Answer -Different enzymes work best at different PH s
-If the PH is to low OR to high the enzyme will denature
Function of protease - Answer Breaks down protein
Function of amylase - Answer Breaks down starch
Function of lipase - Answer Breaks down fats and oils
Denature - Answer Change in the structure of the enzyme
What is starch and glycogen made up of - Answer Glucose
What is protein made up of - Answer Amino acids
What are fat and oils made up of - Answer Fatty acids and glycerol
Test for starch - Answer Iodine solution
-Posotive:Blue black
-Negative:Orange yellow
Test for sugars - Answer Benedict solution
-Posotive:Red
-Negative:No change
Chemical elements that make up carbohydrates - Answer Oxygen, carbon and
hydrogen
Chemical elements that make up fats - Answer Oxygen, carbon and hydrogen
Chemical elements that make up proteins - Answer Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
and sulfur
, GCSE BIOLOGY
Function of carbohydrates - Answer Gives the body energy
-found in starch and sugars
Functions of fats - Answer Provides concentrated sources of energy and helps insulate
the body in cold weather
-Saturated fats obtained from animal sources (eg. butter)
-Unsaturated fats come from vegetable sources (eg. sunflower oil)
Function of proteins - Answer Assists in growth and repair
-Found in animal products (eg. Meat, Fish, Cheese, milk)
Function of vitamin C - Answer -Keeps skin healthy
-Protects cell and helps absorb iron
-Found in fruits and vegetables
Function of vitamin D - Answer -Helps absorb calcium
-Keeps teeth and bones strong
-Found in dairy products and eggs
Function of iron - Answer Needed for blood production (production of haemoglobin)
-Found in red meat and liver
Function of calcium - Answer -Keeps bone and teeth strong
-Found in dairy products and fish
Function of water in the human body - Answer Forms 70% of the human body. In cells,
organs and tissues; helps regulate temperature and maintenance of other bodily
functions
Fibre - Answer Indigestible part of food.
-Provides bulk for feaces and keeps the digestive system healthy
-Found in cereal, fruits and vegetables
Vitamin C: Deficiency symptoms - Answer Scurvy (Bleeding gums and lost of teeth)
Vitamin D: Deficiency symptoms - Answer Rickets (Bones stop hardening properly)
Iron: Deficiency symptoms - Answer Anaemia (Reduction in red blood cell or
haemoglobin level)
Calcium: Deficiency symptoms - Answer Poor bone development
Describe the manufacture of yogurt - Answer Micro organisms are added to milk, where
the bacteria ferment (breakdown) the glucose present in the milk to lactic acid which
causes milk to clot making yogurt
