ATI Pharmacology Final Exam review (questions from ATI book and evolve)

Pharmacology Final Exam review (questions from ATI book and evolve) The nurse recognizes that the administration of a drug influences cell physiology. What is the term for this concept? Correct Answer: Pharmacodynamics (drug impacts body) Which incorrect statement by a new nurse indicates that further study is needed? Correct Answer: Drugs are defined as substances that have been FDA approved. What are the three most important characteristics that any drug can have? Select all that apply Correct Answer: -effectiveness (does it work or not) -safety -selectivity Which statement best indicates that the nurse understands the meaning of pharmacokinetics? Correct Answer: "It explains how drugs are absorbed and distributed." What are the 4 process of pharmacokinetics? Correct Answer: -absorption -distribution -metabolism -excretion What does the nurse review when studying the impact a drug has on the body? Correct Answer: he drug's pharmacodynamics The nurse teaches a patient not to consume alcohol with nitroglycerin, because blood pressure often drops significantly when nitroglycerin is taken with alcohol. Which drug property does this illustrate? Correct Answer: Drug Interaction Prior to administering drug X to treat a patient's high blood pressure, the nurse reviews information about the drug. The nurse finds that it reduces blood pressure without serious harmful effects, but it also causes the patient to have nausea and a headache. Based on this information, which property of an ideal drug is this drug lacking? Correct Answer: selectivity (more selective a drug=less side effects/adverse effects) Characteristics unique to each patient can influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. What characteristics may determine the patient's response to a drug? Select all that apply. Correct Answer: -age -weight -gender -genetics Pharmacotherapeutics Correct Answer: how drugs produce effects, both therapeutic, and adverse reactions, reasons and rationales A patient is given an opioid analgesic their RR is 8, HR is 82, and BP 120/78. What nursing intervention would you do? Correct Answer: -give naloxene to reverse opiod effects because pt's respiratory was extremely low. Medication error Correct Answer: can harm the patient and can be potentially fatal ( you must first assess the patient, make sure his condition is stabilized, let a supervisor know or HCP, and file an incident report) If your protein(albumin) levels are low what happens to the drug in your body? Correct Answer: drug is free in body which can lead to toxicity of drug accumulation If two drugs are competing for the same protein receptor or other receptor what happens? Correct Answer: -the one with the stronger affinity/dose is bound to the receptor which leads for the other drug to move freely around the body. What are the 6 drug rights for medication administration? Correct Answer: 1. right patient drug 3. right dose route 5. Right time 6. right documentation indication refusal Why is it important to educate our patients about drug therapy? Correct Answer: to make sure that our patient is compliant (patient care and patient education) What is the nurse's role as an advocate? Correct Answer: we are the last line of defense for the patient Preadministration assessment Correct Answer: -collecting baseline data (vitals, labs, otc meds/other meds, PMH, allergies) -identifying high risk patients ( liver and kidney impairment, genetic factors, drug allergies, pregnant patients, older adults, pediatric group) Dosage and Administration Correct Answer: -certain drugs have more than one indication -many drugs are administered more than one route -dosage may differ depending on route selected -certain intravenous agents can cause severe local injury if extravasation occurs. -read medication order carefully -verfiy pt. identity -read medication label carefully -verify dosage calculations -implement special handling of drugs may require -do not administer any drug if you do not understand the reason for its use. Give the patient the following information about a drug? Correct Answer: of drug 2. dosage and schedule of adminstration 3. technique of administration 4. duration of drug use 5. storage of drug Food and Drug Administration Correct Answer: regulates the development and sales of drugs to assure safety and efficacy. Stages of Research Correct Answer: a drug must pass through several stage of development before receiving final approval to be marketed. Stages of new development Correct Answer: 1. Preclinical testing -test on animals -evaluate (toxicity, pharmacokinetic properties, potentially useful biologic effect) -*may take 1-5 years* 2. Phase I -*tightly controlled* -normal volunteers - effects on humans - evaluates drug metabolism 3. Phase II and Phase III -tested in patients with the disease the drug is intended to treat -duration of phases 3-6 months -after phase III, application for conditional -approval is made 4. *Phase IV: Postmarketing surveillance* -conditional approval from FDA -*usage is for the general population* -new side effects may be discovered -voluntary reporting by HCP is essential Generic Name Correct Answer: -assigned by US adopted -name council -each drug has only one generic name -usually long and difficult to pronounce Trade name Correct Answer: -proprietary or brand name -may be large in number What helps the nurse to anticipate drug responses in a patient? Correct Answer: Knowing pharmacology When educating patients about their medications, the nurse should include information about which topics? Select all that apply. Correct Answer: -adverse effects -duration of treatment -method of drug storage -what to do if a dose is missed The nurse is providing care for a newly admitted patient. The patient has many questions about the admission diagnosis and medication. What should be the highest priority nursing action for this patient? Correct Answer: Evaluate the patient's overall knowledge related to the diagnosis and medication. The nurse finds that a patient discontinued drug therapy due to an inability to afford the medications. As a result, the expected patient goals were not met. What action does the nurse take? Correct Answer: he nurse assesses the patient's needs and develops new goals The nurse is preparing to review a patient's medication history. Which information is most important when the nurse obtains a medication history from a patient? Correct Answer: Allergies