NSG 376 Exam 1 ATI QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| A+ GRADED

NSG 376 Exam 1 ATI QUESTIONS pharmacology Correct Answer: is the study that deals with chemicals that affect the body's functioning pharmacotherapeutics Correct Answer: is the branch of pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose medical practitioner Correct Answer: prescribes drugs pharmacist Correct Answer: prepare and dispense drugs nurse Correct Answer: administers drugs (perform pre-administration checks Vital Signs first, lab values, swallowing ability, allergies, current symptoms) prescription medications Correct Answer: requires licensed prescriber to write for medication over the counter Correct Answer: patients can buy and take at free will controlled medications Correct Answer: regulated by the FDA due to abuse potential (narcotics, anti-anxiety, stimulants for ADH, anti-depressants since often abused) Generic name Correct Answer: - identifies drugs active ingredients - name assigned by manufacturer that first develops - often known as the official name trade name Correct Answer: - brand name/proprietary name - selected by the drug company that sells it - protected by trademark generic name Correct Answer: what drug nomenclature does ATI only use? acetaminophen Correct Answer: what is Tylenol and APAP generic name? diphenhydramine Correct Answer: what is Benadryl generic name? Metformin Correct Answer: what is Glucophage and Fortamet generic name? Metformin Correct Answer: high blood sugar medications elixir Correct Answer: is a medication in a clear liquid mixed with ETOH (alcohol), water, sweeteners, and flavor liniment Correct Answer: is a medication mixed with ETOH, oil, and soap which is rubbed into skin enteric coated and extended release Correct Answer: medication with a coating that will no harm the stomach and cannot be crushed suppository Correct Answer: drug that is administered into the anus transdermal patch Correct Answer: patch adhered to the skin therapeutic classifications Correct Answer: antidepressants, antihypertensive, and antidiabetics chemical characteristics Correct Answer: adrenergics, antiadrennergics, and benzodiaepines (class of anti anxiety meds built on a benzene ring) - effect on body systems - chemical composition - clinical indication - therapeutic action Correct Answer: How are drugs classified? prototype drugs Correct Answer: first drug in its class to be made and often have higher adverse effects (newer formulations are often just as/more effective without as many side effects) penicillin Correct Answer: prototype drug for the category of antibiotics pharmacokinetics Correct Answer: what the body does to the medication/drug and what happens in the body - movement of the drug molecule in the body in relation to the drugs absorption Correct Answer: process by which the drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream for circulation onset Correct Answer: determined by the rate of absorption intensity Correct Answer: determined by the extent of absorption - pill longer onset of action than liquid rate of absorption Correct Answer: - depends on the mode of entry ie. liquid versus pill - oral - parenteral - rectal -transdermal - inhalation Correct Answer: what ways can drugs enter the body? parenteral Correct Answer: intravascular, intramuscular, or subcutaneous ie. goes into the body through some type of needle oral drugs Correct Answer: - disolved in gastric fluids - absorbed in the small intestines - liquids absorbed faster than pills - consider GI issues and med absorption (diarrhea or meals) injectables Correct Answer: - subcutaneously or intramuscular - absorbed more rapidly than PO (by mouth) IV Correct Answer: - placed directly into the bloodstream - instantly absorbed - 100% bioavailability skin Correct Answer: - local absorption (slow, steady absorption of medications) mucous membranes/rectal Correct Answer: well vascularized area for drug absorption no absorption of medication in the small intestinal wall Correct Answer: how would diarrhea effect the absorption of a PO med? IM go deeper into the body and are more quickly absorbed due to all the blood vessels Correct Answer: why would a drug given IM be absorbed faster than one given SQ? people who are malnourished and the elderly Correct Answer: what population would be less likely to absorb IM medications? transdermal absorption Correct Answer: - allows slower absorption through the skin - can last longer, sometimes 3-7 days - allows more predictable amount and can decrease tolerance sublingual absorption Correct Answer: - excellent absorption under the tongue - patient can not swallow or drink while med in place (medication should melt under the tongue) - NTG (nitroglycerin) is a famous med for chest pain in this category intrathecal/epidural absorption Correct Answer: - goes into the spinal column or epidural space - risk for infections and side effects can include headaches intraperitoneal absorption Correct Answer: - medication goes right into the abdominal cavity - dialysis is an example gastroparesis Correct Answer: often seen in diabetics and GI motility/absorption not working properly what typically hinders the effects of the medication? Correct Answer: presence of food in stomach and stomach ph bioavailability Correct Answer: portion of a dose that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells - example IV drugs = 100% some of the medication is never absorbed, some have high "first pass" effect - goes to the liver first and are metabolized before becoming active in the body Correct Answer: why would oral drugs be less than 100% bioavailability? loading dose Correct Answer: - larger than normal dose - given when patient is in acute distress - used when max therapeutic effect is desired quickly maintenance dose Correct Answer: - usual or daily dose - dose that achieves the desired therapeutic effect without causing undesirable effects