PMHNP Final Exam Comprehensive Questions and
Answers
_______ is produced in the locus ceruleus of the pons - ANSWER Norepinephrine
The hallmark symptom in _______ is a disturbance of consciousness accompanied by
changes in cognitive function - ANSWER delirium
Disturbance of consciousness develops over a short time, usually hours to days is seen
in _______ - ANSWER delirium
How are Sleep-rest cycle different in patients with delirium? - ANSWER clients are
awake at night and sleep during the day.
Impaired _______ and ______ memory is seen in patients with delirium - ANSWER
recent and intermediate
Symptoms of delirium resolve within? - ANSWER 3 to 6 months
Delirium Mnemonic - ANSWER D-Drugs
E-electrolyte abnormality
L-low oxygen saturation
I-infection
R-reduced sensory input
I-intracranial
U-urinary or renal retention
M-myocardial
What is the most common type of dementia? - ANSWER Alzheimer's
__________ has a Gradual onset and progressive decline without focal neurological
deficits - ANSWER Dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT)
What are the hallmark signs of Dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) - ANSWER amyloid
deposits and neurofibrillary tangles senile plaques?
What changes in the brain are seen in DAT? - ANSWER Diffuse cerebral atrophy and
enlarged ventricles
,Which neurotransmitters are decreased in DAT? - ANSWER acetylcholine (ACh) and
norepinephrine
___________is Often induced by traumatic experiences such as physical/sexual abuse,
or betrayal by a trusted individual - ANSWER Dissociative amnesia
Clinical features of _____________ includes An inability to recall important personal
information, usually of a traumatic/stressful nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary
forgetting - ANSWER Dissociative amnesia
localized amnesia is the disruption of - ANSWER an event or period of time
selective amnesia is the disruption of - ANSWER Specific aspect of an event
generalized amnesia is the disruption of - ANSWER Identity or life history
purposeful travel or bewildered wandering that is associated with amnesia for identity or
for other important autobiographical information - ANSWER dissociative fugue
inability to learn new info - ANSWER Anterograde amnesia
inability to recall previously remembered info - ANSWER Retrograde amnesia
Which TCA is used in the treatment of OCD? - ANSWER Clomipramine
Which substances may cause dementia? - ANSWER Alcohol
· Heavy metals
· Carbon monoxide
·Pseudodementia r/t meds ( anticholinergics)
inhalants
Which SSRIs have a sedative effect? - ANSWER Citalopram (Celexa)
Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Which TCAs have a sedative effect? - ANSWER Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Doxepin (Sineqan)
Which other antidepressants may cause sedation? - ANSWER Mirtazapine (Remeron)
Nefazodone (Serzone)
Trazodone
What are side effects of trazadone? - ANSWER Sedation, nausea, headache,
hypotension, priapism
, Wellbutrin (NDRI) can be used to treat which disorders? - ANSWER -Antidepressant
(mood disorders, unipolar affective disorders and depressive disorders)
-attention deficit hyperactive disorder
-smoking cessation.
Wellbutrin is contraindicated in clients with - ANSWER SZ disorder
eating disorder
What is Considered first-line agents for chronic anxiety disorders? - ANSWER Selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
black box warning for SSRIs in children, adolescents, and young adults - ANSWER
increased risk for suicide
Which benzo have a short half life? - ANSWER Alprazolam (Xanax)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Which benzo have a long half life? - ANSWER Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Diazepam (Valium)
Medications used to treat anxiety works on which system? - ANSWER directly or
indirectly on GABA
Benzodiazepines with short/long half life have More severe withdrawal and more
rebound anxiety - ANSWER short
Which non- benzo anxiolytics can be used to treat anxiety - ANSWER Buspirone
(Buspar)
Tiagabine (Gabitril)
Gabapentin(Neurontin)
Propranolol (Inderal)
Males greater than ______ yrs old are have a risk factor associated with suicide -
ANSWER 45 yr. old
females greater than ______ yrs old are have a risk factor associated with suicide -
ANSWER 55 yr.s old
Which Benzodiazepines or hypnotics used for insomnia is long acting and should be
avoided in older adults - ANSWER Flurazepam (Dalmane)
Pharmacological Management for insomnia include: - ANSWER §Melatonin
§Benzodiazepines or hypnotics
Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics
§Antidepressants
Answers
_______ is produced in the locus ceruleus of the pons - ANSWER Norepinephrine
The hallmark symptom in _______ is a disturbance of consciousness accompanied by
changes in cognitive function - ANSWER delirium
Disturbance of consciousness develops over a short time, usually hours to days is seen
in _______ - ANSWER delirium
How are Sleep-rest cycle different in patients with delirium? - ANSWER clients are
awake at night and sleep during the day.
Impaired _______ and ______ memory is seen in patients with delirium - ANSWER
recent and intermediate
Symptoms of delirium resolve within? - ANSWER 3 to 6 months
Delirium Mnemonic - ANSWER D-Drugs
E-electrolyte abnormality
L-low oxygen saturation
I-infection
R-reduced sensory input
I-intracranial
U-urinary or renal retention
M-myocardial
What is the most common type of dementia? - ANSWER Alzheimer's
__________ has a Gradual onset and progressive decline without focal neurological
deficits - ANSWER Dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT)
What are the hallmark signs of Dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) - ANSWER amyloid
deposits and neurofibrillary tangles senile plaques?
What changes in the brain are seen in DAT? - ANSWER Diffuse cerebral atrophy and
enlarged ventricles
,Which neurotransmitters are decreased in DAT? - ANSWER acetylcholine (ACh) and
norepinephrine
___________is Often induced by traumatic experiences such as physical/sexual abuse,
or betrayal by a trusted individual - ANSWER Dissociative amnesia
Clinical features of _____________ includes An inability to recall important personal
information, usually of a traumatic/stressful nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary
forgetting - ANSWER Dissociative amnesia
localized amnesia is the disruption of - ANSWER an event or period of time
selective amnesia is the disruption of - ANSWER Specific aspect of an event
generalized amnesia is the disruption of - ANSWER Identity or life history
purposeful travel or bewildered wandering that is associated with amnesia for identity or
for other important autobiographical information - ANSWER dissociative fugue
inability to learn new info - ANSWER Anterograde amnesia
inability to recall previously remembered info - ANSWER Retrograde amnesia
Which TCA is used in the treatment of OCD? - ANSWER Clomipramine
Which substances may cause dementia? - ANSWER Alcohol
· Heavy metals
· Carbon monoxide
·Pseudodementia r/t meds ( anticholinergics)
inhalants
Which SSRIs have a sedative effect? - ANSWER Citalopram (Celexa)
Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Which TCAs have a sedative effect? - ANSWER Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Doxepin (Sineqan)
Which other antidepressants may cause sedation? - ANSWER Mirtazapine (Remeron)
Nefazodone (Serzone)
Trazodone
What are side effects of trazadone? - ANSWER Sedation, nausea, headache,
hypotension, priapism
, Wellbutrin (NDRI) can be used to treat which disorders? - ANSWER -Antidepressant
(mood disorders, unipolar affective disorders and depressive disorders)
-attention deficit hyperactive disorder
-smoking cessation.
Wellbutrin is contraindicated in clients with - ANSWER SZ disorder
eating disorder
What is Considered first-line agents for chronic anxiety disorders? - ANSWER Selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
black box warning for SSRIs in children, adolescents, and young adults - ANSWER
increased risk for suicide
Which benzo have a short half life? - ANSWER Alprazolam (Xanax)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Which benzo have a long half life? - ANSWER Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Diazepam (Valium)
Medications used to treat anxiety works on which system? - ANSWER directly or
indirectly on GABA
Benzodiazepines with short/long half life have More severe withdrawal and more
rebound anxiety - ANSWER short
Which non- benzo anxiolytics can be used to treat anxiety - ANSWER Buspirone
(Buspar)
Tiagabine (Gabitril)
Gabapentin(Neurontin)
Propranolol (Inderal)
Males greater than ______ yrs old are have a risk factor associated with suicide -
ANSWER 45 yr. old
females greater than ______ yrs old are have a risk factor associated with suicide -
ANSWER 55 yr.s old
Which Benzodiazepines or hypnotics used for insomnia is long acting and should be
avoided in older adults - ANSWER Flurazepam (Dalmane)
Pharmacological Management for insomnia include: - ANSWER §Melatonin
§Benzodiazepines or hypnotics
Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics
§Antidepressants
