PHIL 347 Final exam Q&A

PHIL 347 Final exam Q&A In the following argument, identify either the extra claims, or express the implied claim. (1) If you want to be sure the country is headed in the right direction,(2) you need to vote for the best candidate this November.(3) I believe the election is on the eighth this year. claim 1 is an extra claim, which provides addition information to the given statements. Claims 2 is an implied claim: it implies the need to vote for the president. 2. (TCO 2) In the following argument, identify either the extra claims, or express the implied claim. The barometer shows the pressure is falling. You had better take an umbrella with you. (Points : 10) 3. (TCOs 3, 5) Describe the two styles of reasoning. What are some key differences between the two? (Points : 10) Deductive and inductive reasoning. In the Deductive reasoning, there is a surety that the conclusion follows it premises. Both premise and conclusion has to be true. In the inductive reasoning, there is a chance that conclusion may follows the premise but there is no full guarantee (Jackson, 2016). Premise and conclusion both does not have to be true in this reasoning. Question 4.4. (TCOs 3, 5) Discuss the three steps to follow when trying to distinguish between kinds of deductive arguments.(Points : 15) According to the Jackson (2016), the three steps weather it is valid, sound or Question 5.5. (TCO 4) Considering only truth-functional claims, what are the four connectors? Describe what needs to happen in a truth table to demonstrate an argument is valid. (Points : 15) The four connector are: Negation, Conjunction, disjunction, and conditional. In order for an argument to be valid the Truth table, the conclusion needs to be true, if all of given premises are true. In the whole truth table, even just a single line show that the conclusion is false when its all premises are true than it will be invalid. Question 6.6. (TCO 5) When evaluating analogical arguments, you need to consider three things. What are those things, and how do they need to be considered? (Points : 15) Source, target, and feature are the three things that are needed in evaluating the analogical arguments. Source: Target: Feature: The source (S) is the analogue that is given only among the premises. The target (T) is the analogue that the arguer is drawing a conclusion about; it will be found in both the analogy and the conclusion. The feature (F) is the characteristic of the source that the arguer is trying to prove is also a characteristic of the target.