Middle East Conflict summary

s c c
the Situation
today Solution ?
-




-


conflict remains
prominent flashpoint on World
agenda
Obama
-


priority give by
-



peace in Middle East remains primaoy goal for Leonding world power

interests contributes stabilization
region
EU also vital in to
,
.




Anti -
Semitism in Europe
•
in 1am century County with
night Jewish population Russia

f- organized kiliing
large
-

in 1881 (after assassination of Tsar Alexander II ) Series of pogroms of
humber of Jews) triggered Jewish emigration , many to USA

-

Situation also
gave
binnen to movement of Zionisten t
first Aliyah (return of homeland ) of

idealist Jewish Setter to Palestine



the roots of the Conflict
end 194
since
of century
-




-
Arab and Jewish Chaim to Palestine

-


European anti -
serietism

-

European imperialem
-

Arab nationalisten

-


Jewish Zionisten


played significant wie in Conflict , European anti -
Seminar caused zewisu Zionisten



issue
Key
nationalisten Came into direct Competitive with modern Zionisten
-

Arab
-




Jews
and Arabs laid daim to Save territoy
daim to Palestine , Jews Arabs ?
Stronger
.

who was or




Palestine before WWI
population in



1880 :
approx .
440,000 Arabs

13,000 zews



1914 : GPPOOX .
650 , 000 Arabs

(after first second
Aeiyah f- of Jews Europe))
89 000
zews migration from
t
Waves of
,




the impact of World war I

British WWI
promises during
- :




-
McMahon Letter , 1915

Declaration
-


Balfour , 1917




Picot 1916
Sykes Agreements
-
-
,

, promises made to Jews in Balfour Declaration

-



Support Zionist project
-
establishment national home for Zeus in Palestine

-

Use best endeavours to facilitate achievement


done prejudice civil Communities
-




nothing which +

religions rights of existing non -



Jewish
I Political Status Zews in
.



rights other county



Made Arabs McMahon letter
promises to in


independence of within limits
.


reorganize & Support Arabs in au
regions
GB will most in
govemment
Situation allows to Arabs her advice to Suit able
-

when give ,
assist them establish


those various territories


-
Palestine Won't included in areas in which Arab independence has promises
Races
against (Unverletzlichkeit)
.
will gnarantee Holy
an external
aggression ,
recognize their
inviolability
-


support them in
Struggle for independence from Turkey
.
motivation of GB to protect territories




Sykes -
Picot
Agreements
terri north of Damasus French Sphere of influence
tong
.
=




-




Ierritory South t east of Damasus (to Red Seat up to Kuwait and


Persian Gulf ) = British Sphere of influence
links
'
GB and France Maintained Strong alliance ; boten had extensive trading
with Middle and For East

France & GB
.
Suez Canal
jointey owned t
Operand by
Protect Independent Arab State
France prepared to
recognize
t
-
& GB

party State Oberhoheit)
under
suzerainity ( =
political contra over autonomous ,




of Arab leader in certain areas (At B)




results and impact of WWI
to boten Siders
. when WWI ended Arabs and Jews were
disappointed : independence not
cgranted
"
Mandala GB
"
-


instead Palestine become
territory of League of Nations , adniinistered
by
.




especiauy among
Arabs the British
policy aroused unease and dis tust
, Arabs fett tet down


Palestine 1918 tensions and
Jewish immigration
to
after led to
increasing dashes between Jews t Arabs
growing
.




GB
founded)
Nations and France contra
Mandate = oder or command
from the (1919 newcy League of giving
of Arab lerritory pneviously meld
bey Ottomar Empire



Boten Mandatory powers
were to
prepare their mandated territories for eventuae
self govemmeur
-

(GB for Palestine,


Jordan , Iraq )




Jewish and Arab Population in Palestine from 1919 to 1946

year Jews Arabs

1919 80,000 700,000

1929 160,000 1 mill .




1939 430,000 1.2 will .




600,000 1.8 will
1946 .