.NUR 265 Exam 2 Study
Questions
NUR 265 Exam 2 Study
Questions
➢ What is the normal arterial blood gas (ABG) range for
the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)?
o 80-100 mmHg
o What if it’s higher than 100? What if it’s lower than 80?
▪ Higher = too much oxygenation … lower = hypoxia
➢ What is the normal arterial blood gas (ABG) range for
the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)?
o 35-45 mmHg
o What if it’s lower than 35? What is it’s higher than 45?
▪ Decreased = Respiratory alkalosis …
increased = Respiratory Acidosis
➢ What is the normal range for the compensatory arterial
blood gas (ABG) bicarbonate (HCO3)?
o 21-28 mEq/L
o What is it’s higher than 28? What if it’s lower than 21?
▪ Higher = respiratory acidosis (compensation for
metabolic alkalosis) … Lower = respiratory
alkalosis (compensating for metabolic acidosis)
➢ What is the normal range for glucose?
o 60-100 mg/dL
➢ What is the range of pre-diabetes for an impaired fasting
glucose (IFG) test?
o 100-125 mg/dL
➢ What is the range of pre-diabetes for a 2 hour oral glucose
tolerance (IGT) test?
o 140-199 mg/dL
➢ What is the normal range for a glycosylated hemoglobin
(HbA1C) test?
▪ 4-6%
➢ What is the reference range for the electrolyte phosphorus?
o 3 – 4.5 mg/deciLiter
➢ What is the reference range for the electrolyte magnesium?
o 1.3 – 2.1 milli-Equivalents/Liter
➢ What is the reference range for the electrolyte chloride?
o 98 – 106 milli-Equivalents/Liter
➢ What is the reference range for the electrolyte calcium?
o 9 – 10.5 mg/deciLiter
➢ What is the reference range for the electrolyte potassium?
1
, .NUR 265 Exam 2 Study
Questions
o 3.5 – 5 milli-Equivalents/Liter
➢ What is the reference range for the electrolyte sodium?
o 136 – 145 milli-Equivalents/Liter
➢ What is the reference range for hemoglobin?
o 14-18 gram/deciliter
➢ What is the reference range for hematocrit?
o 42-52%
➢ What is the reference range for blood osmolarity?
o 285-295 mOsm/kg
➢ What are the normal levels for serum creatinine?
o 0.6-1.2
➢ What are the normal levels for BUN?
o 10-20
➢ What are major risk factors for VTE? [Name 5]
o (1) prolonged immobility (2) central venous catheter (3)
surgery
(4) obesity (5) older age (6) blood prone to clotting (7)
prior history
➢ If a patient has a VTE, what are the priority nursing
interventions? [Name all in order]
o (1) oxygen therapy (2) anticoagulant or fibrinolytic
therapy (3) monitoring patient’s response
➢ If a patient is suspected of a VTE, when should you sit
them in high- Fowler’s position?
o Immediately after putting them on oxygen
➢ If a patient with a VTE is receiving fibrinolytics, what
antidotes should be ready in case of overdose? [Name all]
o (1) clotting factors (2) fresh frozen plasma (3)
aminocaproic acid (Amicar)
➢ What are 4 priority problems for a patient with a PE?
[Name all in order]
o (1) hypoxemia (2)hypotension (3) potential for
bleeding related to anticoagulant/fibrinolytic therapy
(4) anxiety
➢ What are the classic symptoms for a PE? [Name all]
o (1) sudden onset of dyspnea (2) sharp, stabbing chest
pain (3) restlessness (4) feeling of impending doom
(5) cough (6) hemoptysis
o What other symptoms may they experience? [Name 3]
▪ (1) tachypnea (2) crackles (3) pleural friction rub
(4) tachycardia (5) sweating (6) low-grade fever
(7) decreased
2
, .NUR 265 Exam 2 Study
Questions
O2 Saturation (8) S3 or S4 heart sounds/gallop (9)
petechiae all over chest
➢ What conditions could cause a patient to be at risk for
ventilatory failure? [Name 5]
o (1) COPD (2) Pulmonary Embolism or PE (3) ARDS (4)
pulmonary edema (5) stroke (6) increased intracranial
pressure (7) opioids
(8) spinal cord injury (9) massive obesity (10) sleep
apnea
➢ What is the hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)?
o Hypoxemia that persists even with 100% oxygen
➢ If your patient is at risk for a PE, what symptoms would let
you know to notify the rapid response team? [Name all]
o (1) jugular vein distention (2) syncope (3)
cyanosis (4) hypotension
➢ What method is most commonly used to diagnose a PE?
o CT scan
➢ Despite the different causes for acute lung injury, what
triggers ARDS?
o Systemic inflammatory response
➢ What is the nursing priority in the prevention of ARDS?
o Early recognition in high risk patients
➢ What kind of patients are considered at high risk for ARDS?
o (1) patients with tube feeding and impaired swallow/gag
reflex because of aspirating very acidic gastric contents
(2) pancreatitis
(3) transfusion reactions (4) trauma
o What physical assessments indicate early symptoms of
ARDS?
▪ (1)assess breathing – (a) for increased rate (b)
noisy respirations (c) retractions (d) increased
effort; (2) cyanosis
(3) mental status (4) pallor (5) hypotension (6)
tachycardia
(5) dysrhythmias
▪ Why don’t you assess for abnormal lung sounds?
● Because it occurs in the interstitial spaces
first and not the airways
➢ What is FiO2?
o Fraction of inspired oxygen
➢ What ABG result will diagnose ARDS?
o Lowered PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen)
o What does this value look like later?
▪ Increased
➢ What are common interventions for a patient with ARDS?
3
Questions
NUR 265 Exam 2 Study
Questions
➢ What is the normal arterial blood gas (ABG) range for
the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)?
o 80-100 mmHg
o What if it’s higher than 100? What if it’s lower than 80?
▪ Higher = too much oxygenation … lower = hypoxia
➢ What is the normal arterial blood gas (ABG) range for
the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)?
o 35-45 mmHg
o What if it’s lower than 35? What is it’s higher than 45?
▪ Decreased = Respiratory alkalosis …
increased = Respiratory Acidosis
➢ What is the normal range for the compensatory arterial
blood gas (ABG) bicarbonate (HCO3)?
o 21-28 mEq/L
o What is it’s higher than 28? What if it’s lower than 21?
▪ Higher = respiratory acidosis (compensation for
metabolic alkalosis) … Lower = respiratory
alkalosis (compensating for metabolic acidosis)
➢ What is the normal range for glucose?
o 60-100 mg/dL
➢ What is the range of pre-diabetes for an impaired fasting
glucose (IFG) test?
o 100-125 mg/dL
➢ What is the range of pre-diabetes for a 2 hour oral glucose
tolerance (IGT) test?
o 140-199 mg/dL
➢ What is the normal range for a glycosylated hemoglobin
(HbA1C) test?
▪ 4-6%
➢ What is the reference range for the electrolyte phosphorus?
o 3 – 4.5 mg/deciLiter
➢ What is the reference range for the electrolyte magnesium?
o 1.3 – 2.1 milli-Equivalents/Liter
➢ What is the reference range for the electrolyte chloride?
o 98 – 106 milli-Equivalents/Liter
➢ What is the reference range for the electrolyte calcium?
o 9 – 10.5 mg/deciLiter
➢ What is the reference range for the electrolyte potassium?
1
, .NUR 265 Exam 2 Study
Questions
o 3.5 – 5 milli-Equivalents/Liter
➢ What is the reference range for the electrolyte sodium?
o 136 – 145 milli-Equivalents/Liter
➢ What is the reference range for hemoglobin?
o 14-18 gram/deciliter
➢ What is the reference range for hematocrit?
o 42-52%
➢ What is the reference range for blood osmolarity?
o 285-295 mOsm/kg
➢ What are the normal levels for serum creatinine?
o 0.6-1.2
➢ What are the normal levels for BUN?
o 10-20
➢ What are major risk factors for VTE? [Name 5]
o (1) prolonged immobility (2) central venous catheter (3)
surgery
(4) obesity (5) older age (6) blood prone to clotting (7)
prior history
➢ If a patient has a VTE, what are the priority nursing
interventions? [Name all in order]
o (1) oxygen therapy (2) anticoagulant or fibrinolytic
therapy (3) monitoring patient’s response
➢ If a patient is suspected of a VTE, when should you sit
them in high- Fowler’s position?
o Immediately after putting them on oxygen
➢ If a patient with a VTE is receiving fibrinolytics, what
antidotes should be ready in case of overdose? [Name all]
o (1) clotting factors (2) fresh frozen plasma (3)
aminocaproic acid (Amicar)
➢ What are 4 priority problems for a patient with a PE?
[Name all in order]
o (1) hypoxemia (2)hypotension (3) potential for
bleeding related to anticoagulant/fibrinolytic therapy
(4) anxiety
➢ What are the classic symptoms for a PE? [Name all]
o (1) sudden onset of dyspnea (2) sharp, stabbing chest
pain (3) restlessness (4) feeling of impending doom
(5) cough (6) hemoptysis
o What other symptoms may they experience? [Name 3]
▪ (1) tachypnea (2) crackles (3) pleural friction rub
(4) tachycardia (5) sweating (6) low-grade fever
(7) decreased
2
, .NUR 265 Exam 2 Study
Questions
O2 Saturation (8) S3 or S4 heart sounds/gallop (9)
petechiae all over chest
➢ What conditions could cause a patient to be at risk for
ventilatory failure? [Name 5]
o (1) COPD (2) Pulmonary Embolism or PE (3) ARDS (4)
pulmonary edema (5) stroke (6) increased intracranial
pressure (7) opioids
(8) spinal cord injury (9) massive obesity (10) sleep
apnea
➢ What is the hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)?
o Hypoxemia that persists even with 100% oxygen
➢ If your patient is at risk for a PE, what symptoms would let
you know to notify the rapid response team? [Name all]
o (1) jugular vein distention (2) syncope (3)
cyanosis (4) hypotension
➢ What method is most commonly used to diagnose a PE?
o CT scan
➢ Despite the different causes for acute lung injury, what
triggers ARDS?
o Systemic inflammatory response
➢ What is the nursing priority in the prevention of ARDS?
o Early recognition in high risk patients
➢ What kind of patients are considered at high risk for ARDS?
o (1) patients with tube feeding and impaired swallow/gag
reflex because of aspirating very acidic gastric contents
(2) pancreatitis
(3) transfusion reactions (4) trauma
o What physical assessments indicate early symptoms of
ARDS?
▪ (1)assess breathing – (a) for increased rate (b)
noisy respirations (c) retractions (d) increased
effort; (2) cyanosis
(3) mental status (4) pallor (5) hypotension (6)
tachycardia
(5) dysrhythmias
▪ Why don’t you assess for abnormal lung sounds?
● Because it occurs in the interstitial spaces
first and not the airways
➢ What is FiO2?
o Fraction of inspired oxygen
➢ What ABG result will diagnose ARDS?
o Lowered PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen)
o What does this value look like later?
▪ Increased
➢ What are common interventions for a patient with ARDS?
3
