WGU BioChem OA Review
Males and Females are equally affected Correct Answer: Autosomal
The process of copying DNA in the lab. Correct Answer: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA Primers. Correct Answer: What is
needed for Polymerase Chain Reaction?
Denaturing, Annealing, Elongating Correct Answer: What are the three steps of a Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR)?
Denaturing (DNA is heated up to separate it) Correct Answer: What is the first step of a Polymerase
Chain Reaction?
Cooling the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Primers stick to the DNA that you want to copy and ADD DNA
Polymerase Correct Answer: What is Annealing?
The Polymerase Chain Reaction is heated and DNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to build a new DNA
strand. Correct Answer: What is elongating?
Ligase Correct Answer: What is NOT involved in PCR?
It is used to repair damage to bases caused by harmful molecules by removing the base that is damaged
and replacing it. #1 GLYCOSYLASES see the damaged DNA. #2 DNA Polymerase puts the right one back
#3 DNA Ligase seals it. Correct Answer: What is base excision repair (BER)?
DNA Glycolysase sees the damage and removes it, DNA polymerase puts the tight base back, DNA ligase
seals it back up. Correct Answer: What are the 3 steps in base excision repair?
1 Correct Answer: How many nucleotides does base excision repair remove?
Mismatch Repair (MMR). It is the only one to occur during REPLICATION - DURING THE PROOFREADING
Correct Answer: What is it called when a large section of the nucleotide is removed from the DNA so
that DNA polymerase can try again? (This corrects DNA damage)
Mismatch Repair (MMR) repairs errors such as G with T instead of G with C. DNA Polymerase fixes it.
This happens during replication and MMR removes a large section of the nucleotide from the DNA and
DNA Polymerase tries again. Correct Answer: What repairs a base mismatch?
When DNA polymerase takes an individual nucleotide and matches them to the parental sequences to
ensure a correct pair. (it must bind with RNA primer to work). ie: DNA Polymerase binds to DNA to make
RNA Correct Answer: What is DNA Transcription?
, CLEANS damage caused by things such as UV rays and repairs it. A large section of nucleotides are
removed, including the damaged portion, along with a few on each side. It is then replaced by DNA
polymerase. Correct Answer: What is NecleoTIDE repair
It repairs double stranded breaks (last effort) by copying another strand of DNA and replacing it
completely. Correct Answer: What is Homologous Recombination?
Another last effort to repair a double strand break by putting the ends back together before making sure
they are correctly copied. This can lead to deletions/insertions (frameshift mutations). Correct Answer:
What is Non-Homologous Recombintaion?
It must bind to RNA primer Correct Answer: What does DNA Polymerase bind to in order to make RNA
TRANSCRIPTION DNA take the individual nucleotide and match them to the PARENTAL sequences to
ensure a correct pair.
introns (non-coding region) are removed and exons (coding region) joined to form a contiguous coding
sequence. Correct Answer: What happens during RNA splicing to generate a mature RNA molecule?
The ability to turn genes on and off Correct Answer: What is Gene Expression?
The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression NOT alternation of the
gene code. Correct Answer: What is epigenetics?
Where a DNA molecule wraps around histone proteins to form tight loops called nucleosomes. These
nucleosomes coil and stack together to form fibers called chromatin. (genes are ON if the nucleosomes
are wide spread and OFF if the genes are tightly packed) Correct Answer: What is packaging of DNA?
Polymerase Correct Answer: What is needed for DNA replication?
A point mutation in a sequence of DNA (change in one nucleotide) that results in a premature STOP
codon Correct Answer: What is NonSense Mutation
A mutations in DNA that do not have an observable effect on the organism's phenotype. (1 neucleotide
changes but it codes for the same amino acid) Correct Answer: What is a Silent Mutation?
A point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a DIFFERENT
amino acid. Correct Answer: What is a Missense Mutation?
It is typically not seen in every generation of an affected family. X-linked dominant disorders are caused
by mutations in genes on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each cell. (males and
females are equally affected) Correct Answer: What is Autosomal Dominate?
It becomes Ionized Alanine. (Alanine is HYDROPHOBIC and has CH3 as its weak interaction. Ionized
means it has a + or -. Correct Answer: Alanine is an amino acid with an amino group, a carboxyl group,
and a methyl group (side chain). What happens if it looses an electron.
Amino Acids whose side chains prefer water. (NH, OH, SH) Correct Answer: What is a Polar Amino Acid?
Males and Females are equally affected Correct Answer: Autosomal
The process of copying DNA in the lab. Correct Answer: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA Primers. Correct Answer: What is
needed for Polymerase Chain Reaction?
Denaturing, Annealing, Elongating Correct Answer: What are the three steps of a Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR)?
Denaturing (DNA is heated up to separate it) Correct Answer: What is the first step of a Polymerase
Chain Reaction?
Cooling the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Primers stick to the DNA that you want to copy and ADD DNA
Polymerase Correct Answer: What is Annealing?
The Polymerase Chain Reaction is heated and DNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to build a new DNA
strand. Correct Answer: What is elongating?
Ligase Correct Answer: What is NOT involved in PCR?
It is used to repair damage to bases caused by harmful molecules by removing the base that is damaged
and replacing it. #1 GLYCOSYLASES see the damaged DNA. #2 DNA Polymerase puts the right one back
#3 DNA Ligase seals it. Correct Answer: What is base excision repair (BER)?
DNA Glycolysase sees the damage and removes it, DNA polymerase puts the tight base back, DNA ligase
seals it back up. Correct Answer: What are the 3 steps in base excision repair?
1 Correct Answer: How many nucleotides does base excision repair remove?
Mismatch Repair (MMR). It is the only one to occur during REPLICATION - DURING THE PROOFREADING
Correct Answer: What is it called when a large section of the nucleotide is removed from the DNA so
that DNA polymerase can try again? (This corrects DNA damage)
Mismatch Repair (MMR) repairs errors such as G with T instead of G with C. DNA Polymerase fixes it.
This happens during replication and MMR removes a large section of the nucleotide from the DNA and
DNA Polymerase tries again. Correct Answer: What repairs a base mismatch?
When DNA polymerase takes an individual nucleotide and matches them to the parental sequences to
ensure a correct pair. (it must bind with RNA primer to work). ie: DNA Polymerase binds to DNA to make
RNA Correct Answer: What is DNA Transcription?
, CLEANS damage caused by things such as UV rays and repairs it. A large section of nucleotides are
removed, including the damaged portion, along with a few on each side. It is then replaced by DNA
polymerase. Correct Answer: What is NecleoTIDE repair
It repairs double stranded breaks (last effort) by copying another strand of DNA and replacing it
completely. Correct Answer: What is Homologous Recombination?
Another last effort to repair a double strand break by putting the ends back together before making sure
they are correctly copied. This can lead to deletions/insertions (frameshift mutations). Correct Answer:
What is Non-Homologous Recombintaion?
It must bind to RNA primer Correct Answer: What does DNA Polymerase bind to in order to make RNA
TRANSCRIPTION DNA take the individual nucleotide and match them to the PARENTAL sequences to
ensure a correct pair.
introns (non-coding region) are removed and exons (coding region) joined to form a contiguous coding
sequence. Correct Answer: What happens during RNA splicing to generate a mature RNA molecule?
The ability to turn genes on and off Correct Answer: What is Gene Expression?
The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression NOT alternation of the
gene code. Correct Answer: What is epigenetics?
Where a DNA molecule wraps around histone proteins to form tight loops called nucleosomes. These
nucleosomes coil and stack together to form fibers called chromatin. (genes are ON if the nucleosomes
are wide spread and OFF if the genes are tightly packed) Correct Answer: What is packaging of DNA?
Polymerase Correct Answer: What is needed for DNA replication?
A point mutation in a sequence of DNA (change in one nucleotide) that results in a premature STOP
codon Correct Answer: What is NonSense Mutation
A mutations in DNA that do not have an observable effect on the organism's phenotype. (1 neucleotide
changes but it codes for the same amino acid) Correct Answer: What is a Silent Mutation?
A point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a DIFFERENT
amino acid. Correct Answer: What is a Missense Mutation?
It is typically not seen in every generation of an affected family. X-linked dominant disorders are caused
by mutations in genes on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each cell. (males and
females are equally affected) Correct Answer: What is Autosomal Dominate?
It becomes Ionized Alanine. (Alanine is HYDROPHOBIC and has CH3 as its weak interaction. Ionized
means it has a + or -. Correct Answer: Alanine is an amino acid with an amino group, a carboxyl group,
and a methyl group (side chain). What happens if it looses an electron.
Amino Acids whose side chains prefer water. (NH, OH, SH) Correct Answer: What is a Polar Amino Acid?
