KINE 3805 Final Exam
When a sedentary individual begins a weight training program, what are the initial
strength gains mainly a result of? - Answer Neural adaptations
What laboratory founded in the United States in 1927 has been the most influential in
terms of having an impact on the field of exercise physiology? - Answer Harvard Fatigue
Laboratory
What is the functional unit of a muscle fiber? - Answer Sarcomere
What is the function of the T-tubules? - Answer Carry the action potential deep
(transversely) into the muscle cell
The _____ motor neuron innervates skeletal muscle fibers and stimulates muscle
contraction - Answer Alpha-motor neuron
What protein blocks the myosin binding site on actin at rest in skeletal muscle? -
Answer Tropomyosin
Which muscle fiber type is most fatigue resistant? - Answer Type 1
What type of muscle contraction is characterized by muscle shortening? - Answer
Concentric
What metabolic pathway predominates in producing ATP during a 100 meter (~10
second in duration) sprint? - Answer PCr
What metabolic pathway is primarily responsible for producing ATP during a half mile
run (~2-3 minutes of exercise)? - Answer Glycolysis (Anaerobic)
What metabolic pathway is responsible for producing ATP during a marathon (26.2
miles, ~4 hours)? - Answer Oxidative phosphorylation (Aerobic)
What enzyme catalyzes the reaction that transfers a phosphate from phosphocreatine
to ADP, thereby form ATP and creatine? - Answer Creatine kinase
What is pyruvate converted to under conditions of low oxygen (anaerobic)? - Answer
Lactic Acid
What is the one molecule that all substrates are converted to before they enter the
Krebs Cycle? - Answer Acetyl-CoA
Which structure is responsible for the salatory conduction (speeding up of an action
potential) characteristic of a neuron? - Answer Myelin sheath
What part of a neuron is responsible for releasing neurotransmitters? - Answer Axon
terminal
, KINE 3805 Final Exam
Type 1 fibers reach peak force faster than Type 2 fibers (i.e. type 1 are more powerful
than type 2). - Answer False
Which enzymes hydrolyzes (breaks down) ATP to enable contraction? - Answer Myosin
ATPase
Muscle relaxation does not require ATP - Answer False
Which enzymes uses ATP to pump calcium from sarcoplasm back into the sarcoplasmic
reticulum? - Answer SERCA
Which of these substrate stores can provide the most overall ATP production? - Answer
Triglycerides
The basic structural unit of the nervous system is the - Answer Neuron
An athlete with a high percentage of Type II fibers would exhibit which characteristics? -
Answer fewer mitochondria, lower oxidative enzymes
For aerobic metabolism, free fatty acids must be converted to acetyl-CoA via - Answer
Beta-oxidation
What is the primary cause of membrane depolarization during an action potential? -
Answer Na+ flowing into the cell
Neurons that carry information from the peripheral tissues to the central nervous system
are known as - Answer Afferent neurons
In which organelle does oxidative phosphorylation occur? - Answer Mitochondria
Adipose tissue functions as a storage depot for what energy substrate? - Answer fats
Rank the muscle fiber types in order from most powerful to least powerful - Answer
Type IIx, Type IIa, Type I
_____ binds calcium after it is released from the SR, which causes _____ to move and
open the myosin binding sites on actin - Answer Troponin; Tropomyosin
Skeletal muscle cells are similar to other cell types in that they are multinucleated. -
Answer True
Glycogen is stored in the - Answer Sarcoplasm
Binding of _____ to _____ creates a cross-bridge and it is required for muscle
contraction - Answer Myosin; Actin
When a sedentary individual begins a weight training program, what are the initial
strength gains mainly a result of? - Answer Neural adaptations
What laboratory founded in the United States in 1927 has been the most influential in
terms of having an impact on the field of exercise physiology? - Answer Harvard Fatigue
Laboratory
What is the functional unit of a muscle fiber? - Answer Sarcomere
What is the function of the T-tubules? - Answer Carry the action potential deep
(transversely) into the muscle cell
The _____ motor neuron innervates skeletal muscle fibers and stimulates muscle
contraction - Answer Alpha-motor neuron
What protein blocks the myosin binding site on actin at rest in skeletal muscle? -
Answer Tropomyosin
Which muscle fiber type is most fatigue resistant? - Answer Type 1
What type of muscle contraction is characterized by muscle shortening? - Answer
Concentric
What metabolic pathway predominates in producing ATP during a 100 meter (~10
second in duration) sprint? - Answer PCr
What metabolic pathway is primarily responsible for producing ATP during a half mile
run (~2-3 minutes of exercise)? - Answer Glycolysis (Anaerobic)
What metabolic pathway is responsible for producing ATP during a marathon (26.2
miles, ~4 hours)? - Answer Oxidative phosphorylation (Aerobic)
What enzyme catalyzes the reaction that transfers a phosphate from phosphocreatine
to ADP, thereby form ATP and creatine? - Answer Creatine kinase
What is pyruvate converted to under conditions of low oxygen (anaerobic)? - Answer
Lactic Acid
What is the one molecule that all substrates are converted to before they enter the
Krebs Cycle? - Answer Acetyl-CoA
Which structure is responsible for the salatory conduction (speeding up of an action
potential) characteristic of a neuron? - Answer Myelin sheath
What part of a neuron is responsible for releasing neurotransmitters? - Answer Axon
terminal
, KINE 3805 Final Exam
Type 1 fibers reach peak force faster than Type 2 fibers (i.e. type 1 are more powerful
than type 2). - Answer False
Which enzymes hydrolyzes (breaks down) ATP to enable contraction? - Answer Myosin
ATPase
Muscle relaxation does not require ATP - Answer False
Which enzymes uses ATP to pump calcium from sarcoplasm back into the sarcoplasmic
reticulum? - Answer SERCA
Which of these substrate stores can provide the most overall ATP production? - Answer
Triglycerides
The basic structural unit of the nervous system is the - Answer Neuron
An athlete with a high percentage of Type II fibers would exhibit which characteristics? -
Answer fewer mitochondria, lower oxidative enzymes
For aerobic metabolism, free fatty acids must be converted to acetyl-CoA via - Answer
Beta-oxidation
What is the primary cause of membrane depolarization during an action potential? -
Answer Na+ flowing into the cell
Neurons that carry information from the peripheral tissues to the central nervous system
are known as - Answer Afferent neurons
In which organelle does oxidative phosphorylation occur? - Answer Mitochondria
Adipose tissue functions as a storage depot for what energy substrate? - Answer fats
Rank the muscle fiber types in order from most powerful to least powerful - Answer
Type IIx, Type IIa, Type I
_____ binds calcium after it is released from the SR, which causes _____ to move and
open the myosin binding sites on actin - Answer Troponin; Tropomyosin
Skeletal muscle cells are similar to other cell types in that they are multinucleated. -
Answer True
Glycogen is stored in the - Answer Sarcoplasm
Binding of _____ to _____ creates a cross-bridge and it is required for muscle
contraction - Answer Myosin; Actin
