ANTI-COAGULANT DRUGS
“Anti-coagulant are the drugs that retards coagulations and thereby prevents the occurrence or the enlargement
of the thrombus.”
TYPES OF ANTICOAGULANTS:
1. Oral Anticoagulants:
DRUG PROPERTIES MECHANISM OF ACTION ADVERSE INDICATIONS DOSAGE
EFFECTS TESTS
Known as coumarin 1. Vit K Antagonism: Warfarin Cause Warfarin + LMW 1. Prothrombin Time:
compound. hemorrhage in Heparin Plasma is removed
Reductase cattle. ↓ from patients blood &
First discovered in Vit K Vit K Acute tissue thromboplastin
Spoiled Clover Hay.
(Reduced) (Oxidized) Signs of Thromboembolism. is added; time then
WARFARIN/
Bleeding i.e., (Heparin withdraw appears on the LCD of
DICUMAROL Warfarin is structural
analogue of vitamin K. Carboxylase Hematuria(blood once warfarin Humaclot.
Decarboxy Prothrombin in urine) & action starts.)
Delayed onset of action. Prothrombin Ecchymoses(blood [NOTE: PT of patient
in skin) should be 1.3-1.5 times
If bleeding serious
(Warfarin due to its structural similarity with PT of
INR > 20
vitamin K; deceives the reductase enzyme control/standard.]
→ due to which vit K remains in oxidized
form and is not converted into the reduced
, form → & so the vit K clotting factors will Phytonadione (Vit 2. Internationalized
not be synthesized.) K1 agonist) Normalize Ratio:
↓
2. Trans-procoagulation Effect: (means Several days Indicated after INR= PT observed
against anticoagulant) required for coumarin PT control͟͟͟͟͟͟͟͟͟͟
Warfarin → inhibits protein C & S coagulation factor compound
(endogenous anticoagulants which inhibit level to return to discontinue for
ISI- International
factor V & VIII )→ leads to activation of normal after clotting factor
factor V & VIII. discontinue. recovery. Sensitivity Index
↓drug dosage ISI = 1.
;dosage based on
patient INR = 2-3.
Prothrombin Time
(PT).
FACTORS ACTIVATED BY VIT K:
▪ Factor II (Prothrombin)- 6hrs ½ life
▪ Factor VII ( Proconvertin )- 50hrs ½ life Clotting factors/ Coagulants
▪ Factor IX (Plasma thromboplastin component) naturally present in body
▪ Factor X ( Straut factor)
▪ Protein C & S } Endogenous Anticoagulant naturally present in
body
“Anti-coagulant are the drugs that retards coagulations and thereby prevents the occurrence or the enlargement
of the thrombus.”
TYPES OF ANTICOAGULANTS:
1. Oral Anticoagulants:
DRUG PROPERTIES MECHANISM OF ACTION ADVERSE INDICATIONS DOSAGE
EFFECTS TESTS
Known as coumarin 1. Vit K Antagonism: Warfarin Cause Warfarin + LMW 1. Prothrombin Time:
compound. hemorrhage in Heparin Plasma is removed
Reductase cattle. ↓ from patients blood &
First discovered in Vit K Vit K Acute tissue thromboplastin
Spoiled Clover Hay.
(Reduced) (Oxidized) Signs of Thromboembolism. is added; time then
WARFARIN/
Bleeding i.e., (Heparin withdraw appears on the LCD of
DICUMAROL Warfarin is structural
analogue of vitamin K. Carboxylase Hematuria(blood once warfarin Humaclot.
Decarboxy Prothrombin in urine) & action starts.)
Delayed onset of action. Prothrombin Ecchymoses(blood [NOTE: PT of patient
in skin) should be 1.3-1.5 times
If bleeding serious
(Warfarin due to its structural similarity with PT of
INR > 20
vitamin K; deceives the reductase enzyme control/standard.]
→ due to which vit K remains in oxidized
form and is not converted into the reduced
, form → & so the vit K clotting factors will Phytonadione (Vit 2. Internationalized
not be synthesized.) K1 agonist) Normalize Ratio:
↓
2. Trans-procoagulation Effect: (means Several days Indicated after INR= PT observed
against anticoagulant) required for coumarin PT control͟͟͟͟͟͟͟͟͟͟
Warfarin → inhibits protein C & S coagulation factor compound
(endogenous anticoagulants which inhibit level to return to discontinue for
ISI- International
factor V & VIII )→ leads to activation of normal after clotting factor
factor V & VIII. discontinue. recovery. Sensitivity Index
↓drug dosage ISI = 1.
;dosage based on
patient INR = 2-3.
Prothrombin Time
(PT).
FACTORS ACTIVATED BY VIT K:
▪ Factor II (Prothrombin)- 6hrs ½ life
▪ Factor VII ( Proconvertin )- 50hrs ½ life Clotting factors/ Coagulants
▪ Factor IX (Plasma thromboplastin component) naturally present in body
▪ Factor X ( Straut factor)
▪ Protein C & S } Endogenous Anticoagulant naturally present in
body
