Nursing 101 EXAM 1 Questions and Answers( 2022)

The purpose of Nursing Theories is: - ANSWER guide the nursing practice guide nursing research guide nursing education What are some "Advanced Practice" Nurses? - ANSWER Clinical Nurse Specialist Nurse Practitioner Nurse Midwife CRNA LHUP Definition of Nursing - ANSWER it is an art and a science characterized by critical thinking, clinical competence, accountability, and commitment to the value of caring and interdisciplinary collaboration. Applies to persons across the lifespan and within various cultures. Based upon interpersonal communications amoung the individual, the family and the nurse. Involves assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating the human needs of the individual in health and illness. Includes health teaching by the Nurse to assist individuals in the promotion and maintenance of health. In cooperation with other members of the health team. Nursing care is delivered in accordance with the legal and ethical standards of the nursing profession and in responce to societal health needs. What are some of the body's responses to stress? - ANSWER Increased mental activity dilated pupils bronchialar dilation increased respiratory rate increased heart rate increased cardiac output increased glucose increased arterial blood pressure incrreased fatty acids increased blood flow to skeletal muscles What are the various levels of Communication? - ANSWER Intrapersonal Interpersonal Transpersonal Small Group Public What is ANA? - ANSWER American Nurses Association The protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and population. What are the "Therapeutic Techniques?" - ANSWER Active listening, Touch, Humor,Silence, Providing, Information, Clarifying, Focusing, Paraphrasing, Asking relavant questions, Summarizing, Open ended questions Maslow's Theory states what Physiological Needs? - ANSWER Air, Water, Food, Tempreature maintenance, Elimination, Shelter, Rest/sleep, Sex What are the 5 characteristics of "Therapeutic Communications?" - ANSWER 1. Empathy-nurse is sensitive but remains objective 2.Respect-refer to clients as Mr. or Mrs. 3.Genuineness-Be honest and sincere 4.Concreteness-be specific with instructions and questions 5.Confrontation-used as a means of obtaining information from the client for further clarity. What are Maslows Hierarchy of Basic Needs? - ANSWER Physiological needs Safety and security Belongingness Esteem Needs Self Actualization What is application of the Hierarchy? - ANSWER consider all the factors that influence a patients perception of his/her needs. Do not impose your personal perceptions about what an individual's need priorities should be. All needs exist simultaneosly and in different degrees. A patient is a holistic being, he/she has intellectual, emotional, social and spirital side as well as a physiological side. What was the 1st Nursing Program? - ANSWER Opened in 1873 in Believue Hospital NYC What is the Emotional/Social Dimension Assessment of Stress? - ANSWER change in behavior, depressed anxious, hostile, emotional outburst, increased use of drugs and alcohol, changes in sleep, activity and eating patterns, and poor hygiene What was Florence Nightingale's Theory? - ANSWER Health maintenance and restoration Explain Non-Therapeutic Communication? - ANSWER Giving your personal opinion, false reassurance, being defensive, showing approval and disapproval, stereotyping, asking why, changing the subject inappropriately, close ended questions, and sympathy What are some types of Nurses? - ANSWER CRNA Flight Nurse NICU Nurse School Nurse Nurse Midwife Nurse Practicioner What is the Intellectual Dimension Assessment of Stress? - ANSWER Unable to concentrate, Unable to solve problems, Unable to learn,Unable to remember, Unable to organize and plan. What are the 4 phases of a Helping Relationship? - ANSWER 1. Pre-Interaction-occurs before meeting the client, obtaining informaiton about the client. 2. Orientation- begins when nurse and client identify each others names. May have a written contract, the nurse assesses the clients problems 3.Working Phase- longest phase, nurse and client work together to meet the clients needs to develope goals. 4. Termination- conclusion of the relationship could be the end of the shift or the patient is discharged. What are some "factors" to consider with verbal communication? - ANSWER vocabulary Denotation or dictionary meaning and Connotation or the emotional meaning Pacing Intonation or reflection of the feeling, pitch or tone Clarity and Brevity Timeing Relevance Credibility What is a Helping relationship? - ANSWER Exist among people who provide assistance with the goal of meeting the clients needs. Such as a nurse is helping a patient to learn how to administer their own insulin What are the factors "influencing" communication? - ANSWER Level of development Gender Socio-culture differences Roles and responsibilities Space and Territoriality Physical, mental, and emotional state Environment What are types of Non-Verbal Communication? - ANSWER Physical appearance such as manner of dress or grooming- posture-gait-eye contact-gestures-sounds-touch What is Continuing care's purpose and what types of locations? - ANSWER care of the chronically ill and disabled who will never function independently. Nursing homes, assisted living , respite care, adult day care, Hospice, Arrea agency on aging What is the purpose for Secondary and Tertiary care and it's locations? - ANSWER Emergency care, intense and deliberate diagnosis and treatment, specialized care. Hospitals Psychiatric facilities. What are the purposes for Preventative and Primary care and their locations? - ANSWER Prevention and education and early detection and routine care. Physician offices, school health services, Occupational health services, Clinics, Nursing centers,Block and Parish Nurses. What are the 6 levels of care in the Health care Delivery System? - ANSWER Preventative Primary Secondary Tertiary Restorative Continuing Explain Managed Care? - ANSWER Rose to dominance during Regan presidency as a means to control medicare payments and spread quickly to health insurance industry private sector. Insurance companies define a resonable maximum fee in which health care providers may charge. Providers are bound to these fees if they wish to be listed in directories of insurance companies. Explain Utilization Review? - ANSWER Special committees at hospitals that review admissions, diagnostic testing and treatments provided by physicians to clients. Goal is to eliminate overuse of diagnostic and treatment services. Explain Diagnosis-Related groups? - ANSWER A system designed to cluster groups of clients together by diagnosis, surgical proceedure, complications, preexisting illness and age. Each client with a particular diagnosis is reimbursed the same regardless of length of stay or cost of treatment. There are about 500 groups. What are the 3 things in Health care Regulation? - ANSWER Diagnosis-related groups Utilization review Managed care What are some Risk Factor categories? - ANSWER Genetic and Physiological Factors Age Environment Life style What are some variabloe influencing Health beliefs and practices? - ANSWER Internal Variables-development stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, emotional, and spiritual. External Variables- family practices, socioeconomic factors, and cultural background Who was Dorthea Dix? - ANSWER She was the Superintendent of women nurses in the Union Army. Influential in caring for the mentally ill. What is a patient advocate? - ANSWER Makes appropriate referrals to optimize independence, medication administration, home maintenance, helps clients interpret medical bills or fill out forms for medication assistance. Presenting the clients point of view to obtain appropriate resources. It is important to support and at times defend the clients decisions. What are some interventions for stress? - ANSWER Reduce Stressful Stimuli- escape the stress, limit unnecessary and avoidable changes, time management, establish routines, time blocking. Decrease Physiological Response to Stress- Regular exercise, good dietry habits, adequate rest, humor, relaxation exercises and spirituality. Improve Behavioral Respnse to Stress- Support systems, crisis intervention, enhancing self esteem. Who was the founder of frontier Nursing services? - ANSWER Mary Breckenridge she was also the first midwife trained What are some influences on the Health Care Delivery today? - ANSWER Rising health care cost Evidence based practice Biomedical research Nursing shortage What are some Societal Influences on Nursing? - ANSWER Demographic changes/ culture diversity shift from rural to urban/ increased life span/long term chronic illness. Human rights Increasing medically underserved Threat of bioterrorism Technology educated healthcare consumers Obesity epidemic Healthcare records Globilization What is the Code of Ethics? - ANSWER Foundation for ethical nursing practice, provides guidance for ethical responsibilities, relationships, behaviors and most importantly decision-making. Is a succint statement of out ethical obligations and duties. Is the professions nonnegotiable ethical standards. Express the professions commitment to society. Provides significant guidance for all nurses and nursing practice in every setting. ANA standards of Professional Performance? - ANSWER These standards provide a method to assure a patient is recieving high-quality care by competent and knowledgeable nurse. 1. quality of practice 2. education 3. professional practice evaluation 4. collegiality 5. collaboration 6. ethics rch rship rce utilization What is the Nightingale definition? - ANSWER The nurse should put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him. What are the ANA standards of Practice? - ANSWER The Nursing Process -assessment -diagnosis -outcomes Identification -planning -implementation -evaluation What are some "guides" for the Nursing Practice? - ANSWER Nurse Practice Act- -legal scope, state government mandated, PA Nurse Practice Act Standards of Practice- -guidelines defined by ANA, each institute has additional standards Procedure Manual- -mandatory at every health care institue, defines how to do all nursing procedures, developed by the institution. What are the Nurses Professional responsibilities and Roles? - ANSWER Autonomy-independent nursing actions Accountability-responsible, professional, abide by laws Caregiver-help patient reach max level of wellness Advocate-protect your patients rights Educator-patient education Communicator-clear and trusting communication Manager-coordinate care What are the types of Nursing intervention? - ANSWER Dependent-nursing action comleted with a physicians order Independent- Nursing action not requiring a physicians order or an order from another professional Interdependent- nursing action based on decisions made in consultation with others Identify the distances that are relevant to communication? - ANSWER Intimate- private or personal space, less than 18 inches, body contact. Personal-18in. to 4ft. Social-4ft to 12ft Public- beyond 12 feet like a teacher What is Aphasia? - ANSWER difficulty to be understood or express oneself. SOme may not speak or have trouble putting words in the correct order in a sentence. What is Dysarthria, what causes it? - ANSWER difficulty producing speech sounds correctly. Speech may be slurred or difficult to understand. Disease that cause this are parkinson's, strokes, and multiple sclerosis What makes Nursing a Profession? - ANSWER Standards of practice, standards of professional performance and Code of Ethics Who started the Henry St. settlement? - ANSWER Lillian Ward and Mary Brewster this was the 1st public health nursing service for the poor in New York City 1893 Who founded the ANA? - ANSWER Isabel Hamptom Robb Who was the founder of Planned Parenthood? - ANSWER Margaret Sanger When was the ARMY Nurse Corps established? - ANSWER 1901 When did Nursing Specialization begin and what was it? - ANSWER 1920's graduated nurses in midwife programs Why is Nursing an art and a science? - ANSWER Art-caring, compassion and artfully provide care Science-knowledge is forever changing, evidence based care. What are the characteristics of a Self-Actualized person? - ANSWER -solves own problems-assist others in problem solving-accepts the suggestions of others-has broad interest in work and social topics-has good communication skills-manages stress and assist others to manage stress-enjoys privacy-seeks new experiences and knowledge-shows confidence in ability and decisions. What is the definition of Health? - ANSWER state of complete physical, mental and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity How can we help patients be self-actualized? - ANSWER Let them have some control over decision making and care provide privacy ask about their interest What is the Health Illness continuum? - ANSWER Health is never constant or absolute. Ones state of health can change. Takes into account the coping abilities or adaptability of an individual. Nurses role is to help a patient identify his/her position on the continuum and help patient move up the scale to a higher level of health What is the Physiological Dimension assessment of stress? - ANSWER Increased BP-Increased pulse-increased respiration-restlessness-Nausea, vomiting, diarrea-changes in bowel and bladder habits-sweaty palms-slumped posture-headace. Who was Clara Louis Maass? - ANSWER She worked with the U.S Army Allowed herself to be bitten by mosquittos for a study of yellow fever. She passed away due to the experiment. What is the definition of a Risk factor? - ANSWER a factor or variable that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident What are some differences between western and non- western culture? - ANSWER Western: Biomedical causes of illness, treatment based on scientific high tech methods, practitioners have uniform standards, value self care. Non-western: Imbalance between nature and humans, holistic treatment, herbal medicine, practice may be learned through apprenticeship, value caring provided by others. When should the nurse contact the physician and what should be documented? - ANSWER If a change occurs in the patients condition. Clear, concise, and accurate information. What was reported- physicians orders-date-time-physicians time notified What is interpersonal communication? - ANSWER Known as self talk, such as a nurse who is faced with a difficult situation and tells herself "you can do this" Who was Eddie Bernice Johnson? - ANSWER 1st Nurse in congress