Biodiversity Exam #3
What are the supergroups of Eukaryotes? Correct Answer: -Excavata
-SAR Clade
-Archaeplastidu
-Unikonta
What is the hypothesis of supergroups of eukaryotes? Correct Answer: The hypothesis about phylogeny
of protists and other eukaryotes
What type of group is Excavata? What is in it? Correct Answer: monophyletic group
-protists
What type of group is archaeplastida? What is in it? Correct Answer: algae (protists) and plants
What type of group is SAR clade? What is in it? Correct Answer: monophyletic group
-protists
What type of group is unikonta? What is in it? Correct Answer: two major kingdoms and a group
-fungi and animals, protists
What is Trypanosoma Cruzi? Correct Answer: Part of the excavate supergroup
-Euglenozoans (rod inside flagella)
-Kinetoplastids (mass of DNA inside the mitochondria=kinetoplast)
What is Trypanosoma Cruzi?
-what is the arrangement of microtubules?
-what are its characteristics as a genus? Correct Answer: the arrangement of microtubules in regular
intervals, underneath plasma membrane surface
-all parasitic
-vectors are usually blood feeding invertebrates
-Hosts include classes of all vertebrates
What stage of the parasite is releases in the feces of the triatomine bug? (Trypansoma) Correct Answer:
trypomastigote
Why is it important for trypomatigote to be all to move well? Correct Answer: Its main function is to
move , the need to move well to enter the bite would and cell.
What type of human cells does the trypomatigote initially come into contact at the bite site? Correct
Answer: macrophage, muscle cells, epithelial cells, neurons
When the trypomatigote invade cells, what happens next? Correct Answer: They transform into
amastigotes
, What stage is the parasite when it leaves the cells that were initally infected? (Trypansoma) Correct
Answer: trypomastigote
What cause the typomastigotes to leave the cell? Correct Answer: the constant movement of them
is the stomach of the traitomine bug a good place for the parasites to stay? (Trypansoma) Correct
Answer: No, the acids will kill them. Many of them die when they pass through the stomach
After initial infection in subcutaneous tissue of Tyrpanosoma cruzi, what happens? Correct Answer: -
Spread to regional lymph nodes
- Host cells phagocytize them
- Multiplication within host cells
- Eventually burst out of cell and infect other tissues (especially nerve and muscle)
What is the annual incidence of infection for Tyrpanosoma cruzi? Correct Answer: 561,000 individuals
(Central and South America)
How many people has the infection of trypanosoma cruzi? How many die? Accounts for about ___% of
cardiac deaths in endemic areas Correct Answer: 8-19 million have infection
45,000 die each year
Accounts for about 70% of cardiac deaths in endemic areas
Approximately ________ people in US are infected
- Who is likely infected
- Endemic cases are _______
- 11 species of ________ _____ in 28 states
- Common infection in what? Correct Answer: 300,000
- Immigrants, travelers
- Endemic cases are rare but possible
- Kissing Bugs
- Common infection in wildlife and domestic pets
Long-term effect of malaria on countries is what?
In 2003, what did Uganda lose? Correct Answer: Reduction of GNP by more than half when compared
to non-malarious countries
Uganda lost 49,825,003 of GDP due to malaria morbidity
Demographic consequences of malaria Correct Answer: High infant/childhood mortality = high fertility
rates
- Leads to lower rates of education in households with high fertility rates, especially for girls
- Lower income for women = lower productivity for the village/nation
human capital
- Missed school days lead to what?
- ________ _________ Correct Answer: - Lead to higher rates of failure or drop-out
What are the supergroups of Eukaryotes? Correct Answer: -Excavata
-SAR Clade
-Archaeplastidu
-Unikonta
What is the hypothesis of supergroups of eukaryotes? Correct Answer: The hypothesis about phylogeny
of protists and other eukaryotes
What type of group is Excavata? What is in it? Correct Answer: monophyletic group
-protists
What type of group is archaeplastida? What is in it? Correct Answer: algae (protists) and plants
What type of group is SAR clade? What is in it? Correct Answer: monophyletic group
-protists
What type of group is unikonta? What is in it? Correct Answer: two major kingdoms and a group
-fungi and animals, protists
What is Trypanosoma Cruzi? Correct Answer: Part of the excavate supergroup
-Euglenozoans (rod inside flagella)
-Kinetoplastids (mass of DNA inside the mitochondria=kinetoplast)
What is Trypanosoma Cruzi?
-what is the arrangement of microtubules?
-what are its characteristics as a genus? Correct Answer: the arrangement of microtubules in regular
intervals, underneath plasma membrane surface
-all parasitic
-vectors are usually blood feeding invertebrates
-Hosts include classes of all vertebrates
What stage of the parasite is releases in the feces of the triatomine bug? (Trypansoma) Correct Answer:
trypomastigote
Why is it important for trypomatigote to be all to move well? Correct Answer: Its main function is to
move , the need to move well to enter the bite would and cell.
What type of human cells does the trypomatigote initially come into contact at the bite site? Correct
Answer: macrophage, muscle cells, epithelial cells, neurons
When the trypomatigote invade cells, what happens next? Correct Answer: They transform into
amastigotes
, What stage is the parasite when it leaves the cells that were initally infected? (Trypansoma) Correct
Answer: trypomastigote
What cause the typomastigotes to leave the cell? Correct Answer: the constant movement of them
is the stomach of the traitomine bug a good place for the parasites to stay? (Trypansoma) Correct
Answer: No, the acids will kill them. Many of them die when they pass through the stomach
After initial infection in subcutaneous tissue of Tyrpanosoma cruzi, what happens? Correct Answer: -
Spread to regional lymph nodes
- Host cells phagocytize them
- Multiplication within host cells
- Eventually burst out of cell and infect other tissues (especially nerve and muscle)
What is the annual incidence of infection for Tyrpanosoma cruzi? Correct Answer: 561,000 individuals
(Central and South America)
How many people has the infection of trypanosoma cruzi? How many die? Accounts for about ___% of
cardiac deaths in endemic areas Correct Answer: 8-19 million have infection
45,000 die each year
Accounts for about 70% of cardiac deaths in endemic areas
Approximately ________ people in US are infected
- Who is likely infected
- Endemic cases are _______
- 11 species of ________ _____ in 28 states
- Common infection in what? Correct Answer: 300,000
- Immigrants, travelers
- Endemic cases are rare but possible
- Kissing Bugs
- Common infection in wildlife and domestic pets
Long-term effect of malaria on countries is what?
In 2003, what did Uganda lose? Correct Answer: Reduction of GNP by more than half when compared
to non-malarious countries
Uganda lost 49,825,003 of GDP due to malaria morbidity
Demographic consequences of malaria Correct Answer: High infant/childhood mortality = high fertility
rates
- Leads to lower rates of education in households with high fertility rates, especially for girls
- Lower income for women = lower productivity for the village/nation
human capital
- Missed school days lead to what?
- ________ _________ Correct Answer: - Lead to higher rates of failure or drop-out
