Table of Contents
Useful terms in ENG and GER................................................................................................2
Case law list...............................................................................................................................4
England & Wales............................................................................................................................4
- Keppel v Bailey [1834] MYL & K 517 39 ENG REP 1042........................................................................4
- Rylands v. Fletcher [1868] LR 3 HL 330.....................................................................................................4
- Rosenberg v. Cook [1881] LR 8 QBD 162..................................................................................................4
- Re Ellenborough Park [1956] Ch 131..........................................................................................................4
- National Provincial Bank v. Ainsworth [1965] AC 1175............................................................................4
- Liverpool City Council v Irwin [1976] UKHL 1.........................................................................................4
- Bernstein of Leigh (Baron) v. Skyviews & General Ltd [1978] QB 479.....................................................5
- Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd (in receivership) [1995] 1 AC 74.....................................................................5
- Botham and ors v TBS Bank plc [1996] EWCA Civ 549............................................................................5
- Anchor Brewhouse Developments Ltd v Berkley House (Docklands Development Ltd) [1987] EGLR
172..................................................................................................................................................................5
- Elitestone Ltd v Morris [1997] 1 WLR 687, HL..........................................................................................5
- Adealon International Property Ltd v Merton London Borough Council [2006]........................................6
- Tower Hamlets LBC v Bromley LBC [2015] EWHC 1954........................................................................6
- Scott v Southern Pacific Mortgages Ltd [2015] AC 385.............................................................................6
- Agnew and Another v Commissioner of Inland Revenue (Brumark) [2001] 3 WLR 454..........................6
France...............................................................................................................................................6
- Cour de Cassation 13 February 1834, DP 1834.I.218, S.1834.I.205 (Caquelard).......................................6
- Cour de cassation Req 3 August 1915, DP 1917.1.79 (Coquerel v. Clément-Bayard)................................6
- Cour de cassation civ 3e, 21 November 1969 (Samuel v Monlon and others)............................................6
Germany...........................................................................................................................................6
- Bundesgerichtshof, 19 October 1966, NJW 1967, 34 (Leather Shoes case)................................................6
The Netherlands..............................................................................................................................7
- Hoge Raad 13 March 1936, NJ 1936, 415 (Stolk v. Van der Goes).............................................................7
- Hoge Raad 24 March 1995 (Stichting Crediteurenbelangen Hollander’s v Coöperatieve Raiffeissenbank
‘Donburg’/ Egg and chicken).........................................................................................................................7
- Hoge Raad 19 May 1995, NJ 1996, 119 (Sogelease)...................................................................................7
The United States of America.........................................................................................................7
- Edwards v Lee’s Administrator 96 SW 2d 1028 (1936, Court of Appeals of Kentucky) (The Great Onyx
Cave)...............................................................................................................................................................7
Concept of property law and property rights............................................................................8
What is property law?.....................................................................................................................8
Property law in relation to other areas of law...............................................................................8
Property law distinction to intellectual property law...................................................................8
Things governed by property law...................................................................................................9
Movables & Immovables in our legal systems...............................................................................9
Relation/ difference of property and contract law – PROPERTY LAW VS. CONTRACT
LAW...............................................................................................................................................10
Relation.........................................................................................................................................................10
Difference.....................................................................................................................................................10
The nature of property law...........................................................................................................11
Framework of property law..........................................................................................................12
Assignment week 1: Nazi Art in Germany..................................................................................12
, Functions of property law.............................................................................................................12
Types of property rights................................................................................................................13
History and principles pf property law...................................................................................13
Feudalism and property rights.....................................................................................................13
Principles........................................................................................................................................14
Ownership and equivalents...........................................................................................................................15
Scope of ownership........................................................................................................................15
Ownership & Possession.........................................................................................................16
Approaches to property law....................................................................................................16
Acquisition and ownership of transfer systems.....................................................................17
Transfer..........................................................................................................................................22
Elements of a Transfer:.................................................................................................................................22
Delivery..........................................................................................................................................23
Movables.......................................................................................................................................................24
Immovables...................................................................................................................................................25
Limited property rights............................................................................................................26
What are limited property rights?...............................................................................................26
Creation..........................................................................................................................................26
2 theories: demembrement – limitation.......................................................................................26
Demembrement – FR, NL, ENG..................................................................................................................26
Limitation – GER..........................................................................................................................................27
Difference between demembrement and limitation models.......................................................27
Conceptual difference...................................................................................................................................28
Concurrence..................................................................................................................................................28
Limited property rights: use rights.........................................................................................28
Use rights........................................................................................................................................28
Limited property rights: security rights I...............................................................................32
Security rights................................................................................................................................32
Secured creditors vs. Unsecured creditors - Advanatges of secured creditors:............................................32
Principle of Accessority................................................................................................................................32
Realization of security rights:.......................................................................................................................33
Useful terms in ENG and GER
ENG GER (latin)
(closed system of property rights) Latin: numerus clausus
(nobody can transfer more rights than he
himself has) Latin: nemo plus rule
(principle of) abstraction Abstrakstionsprinzip
(principle of) dualism Trennunsprinzip
(principle of) traditionalism Traditionsprinzip
(right of) use and habitation Wohnungsrecht
,appartment right Wohnungseigentumgesetz
chain clause / perpetual clause
easement (= servitude in English law)
emphyteusis right / long lease right
lease Miete
limited personal servitudes beschränkte persönliche Dienstbarkeit
ownership Eigentum
principle of anteriority
property Gut (Güter)
property rights dingliche Rechten
qualitative duty / qualitative obligation
real burden Reallast
servitude Grunddienstbarkeit
settlor Treugeber
superficies right / building right Erbaurecht
transfer of factual possession
transfer of fictitious possession
trust Treuhand
trust property Treugut
trustee Treuhänder
usufruct Nießbrauch
(servitude set up by the previous owner)
, Case law list
England & Wales
- Keppel v Bailey [1834] MYL & K 517 39 ENG REP 1042
- Rylands v. Fletcher [1868] LR 3 HL 330
REQUIREMENTS: To succeed in this tort the claimant must show:
1. That the defendant brought something onto his land;
2. That the defendant made a “non-natural use” of his land (per Lord Cairns, LC);
3. The thing was something likely to do mischief (Unfug) if it escaped;
4. The thing did escape and cause damage.
DAMAGES: The owner of land close to the escape can recover damages for:
1. Physical harm to the land itself (as in Rylands v Fletcher) and to other property.
2. It is no longer clear if a claimant can recover for personal injury.
DEFENCES:
1. Consent
2. Act of a Stranger
3. Common benefit
4. Act of god ‘no human foresight can provide against, and of which human prudence is not
bound to recognise the possibility’
5. Default of a stranger
- Rosenberg v. Cook [1881] LR 8 QBD 162
- Re Ellenborough Park [1956] Ch 131
Easement requirements
- National Provincial Bank v. Ainsworth [1965] AC 1175
Under the Land Registration Act 2002, Schedule 3 (and its predecessors), certain interests
are ‘overriding’, meaning that even if they are not registered they can be asserted against
those with registered interests in the property. One of these overriding interests is any
interest belonging to a person in actual occupation of the property (para. 2).
Decision: The House of Lords held the wife had no overriding interest, and so the bank could
take possession of the property. The House of Lords held that the necessary interest had to
be proprietary (eigentum).
- Liverpool City Council v Irwin [1976] UKHL 1
Irwin: Irwin withheld rent based on the fact that the common parts of the building
were not properly maintained by the city council.
City council: City council said that there was no such obligation to maintain in the
contract
Useful terms in ENG and GER................................................................................................2
Case law list...............................................................................................................................4
England & Wales............................................................................................................................4
- Keppel v Bailey [1834] MYL & K 517 39 ENG REP 1042........................................................................4
- Rylands v. Fletcher [1868] LR 3 HL 330.....................................................................................................4
- Rosenberg v. Cook [1881] LR 8 QBD 162..................................................................................................4
- Re Ellenborough Park [1956] Ch 131..........................................................................................................4
- National Provincial Bank v. Ainsworth [1965] AC 1175............................................................................4
- Liverpool City Council v Irwin [1976] UKHL 1.........................................................................................4
- Bernstein of Leigh (Baron) v. Skyviews & General Ltd [1978] QB 479.....................................................5
- Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd (in receivership) [1995] 1 AC 74.....................................................................5
- Botham and ors v TBS Bank plc [1996] EWCA Civ 549............................................................................5
- Anchor Brewhouse Developments Ltd v Berkley House (Docklands Development Ltd) [1987] EGLR
172..................................................................................................................................................................5
- Elitestone Ltd v Morris [1997] 1 WLR 687, HL..........................................................................................5
- Adealon International Property Ltd v Merton London Borough Council [2006]........................................6
- Tower Hamlets LBC v Bromley LBC [2015] EWHC 1954........................................................................6
- Scott v Southern Pacific Mortgages Ltd [2015] AC 385.............................................................................6
- Agnew and Another v Commissioner of Inland Revenue (Brumark) [2001] 3 WLR 454..........................6
France...............................................................................................................................................6
- Cour de Cassation 13 February 1834, DP 1834.I.218, S.1834.I.205 (Caquelard).......................................6
- Cour de cassation Req 3 August 1915, DP 1917.1.79 (Coquerel v. Clément-Bayard)................................6
- Cour de cassation civ 3e, 21 November 1969 (Samuel v Monlon and others)............................................6
Germany...........................................................................................................................................6
- Bundesgerichtshof, 19 October 1966, NJW 1967, 34 (Leather Shoes case)................................................6
The Netherlands..............................................................................................................................7
- Hoge Raad 13 March 1936, NJ 1936, 415 (Stolk v. Van der Goes).............................................................7
- Hoge Raad 24 March 1995 (Stichting Crediteurenbelangen Hollander’s v Coöperatieve Raiffeissenbank
‘Donburg’/ Egg and chicken).........................................................................................................................7
- Hoge Raad 19 May 1995, NJ 1996, 119 (Sogelease)...................................................................................7
The United States of America.........................................................................................................7
- Edwards v Lee’s Administrator 96 SW 2d 1028 (1936, Court of Appeals of Kentucky) (The Great Onyx
Cave)...............................................................................................................................................................7
Concept of property law and property rights............................................................................8
What is property law?.....................................................................................................................8
Property law in relation to other areas of law...............................................................................8
Property law distinction to intellectual property law...................................................................8
Things governed by property law...................................................................................................9
Movables & Immovables in our legal systems...............................................................................9
Relation/ difference of property and contract law – PROPERTY LAW VS. CONTRACT
LAW...............................................................................................................................................10
Relation.........................................................................................................................................................10
Difference.....................................................................................................................................................10
The nature of property law...........................................................................................................11
Framework of property law..........................................................................................................12
Assignment week 1: Nazi Art in Germany..................................................................................12
, Functions of property law.............................................................................................................12
Types of property rights................................................................................................................13
History and principles pf property law...................................................................................13
Feudalism and property rights.....................................................................................................13
Principles........................................................................................................................................14
Ownership and equivalents...........................................................................................................................15
Scope of ownership........................................................................................................................15
Ownership & Possession.........................................................................................................16
Approaches to property law....................................................................................................16
Acquisition and ownership of transfer systems.....................................................................17
Transfer..........................................................................................................................................22
Elements of a Transfer:.................................................................................................................................22
Delivery..........................................................................................................................................23
Movables.......................................................................................................................................................24
Immovables...................................................................................................................................................25
Limited property rights............................................................................................................26
What are limited property rights?...............................................................................................26
Creation..........................................................................................................................................26
2 theories: demembrement – limitation.......................................................................................26
Demembrement – FR, NL, ENG..................................................................................................................26
Limitation – GER..........................................................................................................................................27
Difference between demembrement and limitation models.......................................................27
Conceptual difference...................................................................................................................................28
Concurrence..................................................................................................................................................28
Limited property rights: use rights.........................................................................................28
Use rights........................................................................................................................................28
Limited property rights: security rights I...............................................................................32
Security rights................................................................................................................................32
Secured creditors vs. Unsecured creditors - Advanatges of secured creditors:............................................32
Principle of Accessority................................................................................................................................32
Realization of security rights:.......................................................................................................................33
Useful terms in ENG and GER
ENG GER (latin)
(closed system of property rights) Latin: numerus clausus
(nobody can transfer more rights than he
himself has) Latin: nemo plus rule
(principle of) abstraction Abstrakstionsprinzip
(principle of) dualism Trennunsprinzip
(principle of) traditionalism Traditionsprinzip
(right of) use and habitation Wohnungsrecht
,appartment right Wohnungseigentumgesetz
chain clause / perpetual clause
easement (= servitude in English law)
emphyteusis right / long lease right
lease Miete
limited personal servitudes beschränkte persönliche Dienstbarkeit
ownership Eigentum
principle of anteriority
property Gut (Güter)
property rights dingliche Rechten
qualitative duty / qualitative obligation
real burden Reallast
servitude Grunddienstbarkeit
settlor Treugeber
superficies right / building right Erbaurecht
transfer of factual possession
transfer of fictitious possession
trust Treuhand
trust property Treugut
trustee Treuhänder
usufruct Nießbrauch
(servitude set up by the previous owner)
, Case law list
England & Wales
- Keppel v Bailey [1834] MYL & K 517 39 ENG REP 1042
- Rylands v. Fletcher [1868] LR 3 HL 330
REQUIREMENTS: To succeed in this tort the claimant must show:
1. That the defendant brought something onto his land;
2. That the defendant made a “non-natural use” of his land (per Lord Cairns, LC);
3. The thing was something likely to do mischief (Unfug) if it escaped;
4. The thing did escape and cause damage.
DAMAGES: The owner of land close to the escape can recover damages for:
1. Physical harm to the land itself (as in Rylands v Fletcher) and to other property.
2. It is no longer clear if a claimant can recover for personal injury.
DEFENCES:
1. Consent
2. Act of a Stranger
3. Common benefit
4. Act of god ‘no human foresight can provide against, and of which human prudence is not
bound to recognise the possibility’
5. Default of a stranger
- Rosenberg v. Cook [1881] LR 8 QBD 162
- Re Ellenborough Park [1956] Ch 131
Easement requirements
- National Provincial Bank v. Ainsworth [1965] AC 1175
Under the Land Registration Act 2002, Schedule 3 (and its predecessors), certain interests
are ‘overriding’, meaning that even if they are not registered they can be asserted against
those with registered interests in the property. One of these overriding interests is any
interest belonging to a person in actual occupation of the property (para. 2).
Decision: The House of Lords held the wife had no overriding interest, and so the bank could
take possession of the property. The House of Lords held that the necessary interest had to
be proprietary (eigentum).
- Liverpool City Council v Irwin [1976] UKHL 1
Irwin: Irwin withheld rent based on the fact that the common parts of the building
were not properly maintained by the city council.
City council: City council said that there was no such obligation to maintain in the
contract
