RVE Study Guide
Affix - ANSWER A morpheme or meaningful part of a word attached before or after a
root or base word to modify its meaning; a category that includes prefixes and suffixes.
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWER The use of letters and letter combinations to represent
phonemes in an orthography.
Automaticity - ANSWER Fluent performance without the conscious deployment of
attention
Base word - ANSWER A free morpheme, usually of Anglo-Saxon origin, to which affixes
can be added.
Blend - ANSWER A consonant sequence before or after a vowel within a syllable, such
as cl, br, or st; also called "consonant blend."
Book talk - ANSWER A discussion of one or more books by a teacher, librarian, or
student to introduce books and to induce others to read them.
Bound morpheme - ANSWER A morpheme, usually of Latin origin in English, that
cannot stand alone but is used to form a family of words with related meanings. A
bound root (such as -fer) has meaning only in combination with a prefix and/or a suffix.
Cloze procedure - ANSWER Any of several ways of measuring a person's ability to
restore omitted portions of an oral or written message by reading its remaining context.
Comprehension Monitoring - ANSWER The mental act of knowing when one does and
does not understand what one is reading.
Consonant - ANSWER A phoneme that is not a vowel and is formed with obstruction of
the flow of air with the teeth, lips, or tongue; also called a closed sound in some
instructional programs; English has 40 or more consonants; also may refer to an
alphabet letter used in representing any of these sounds.
Consonant digraph - ANSWER Written letter combination that corresponds to one
speech sound but is not represented by either letter alone, such as th or ph.
Context - ANSWER The sounds, words, or phrases adjacent to a spoken or written
language unit.
Context clue - ANSWER Information from the immediate textual setting that helps
identify a word or word group, as by words, phrases, sentences, illustrations, syntax, or
typography.
Contextual analysis - ANSWER The search for the meaning of an unknown word
through an examination of its context; the use of a larger linguistic unit to determine the
meaning of a smaller unit.
, RVE Study Guide
Continuant - ANSWER Speech sound that can be spoken uninterrupted until the
speaker runs out of breath (/m/, /s/, /v/).
Decodable text - ANSWER Text in which a large proportion of words (approximately
70%-80%) comprise sound-symbol relationships that have already been taught; used to
provide practice with specific decoding skills and to form a bridge between learning
phonics and applying phonics in independent reading of text.
Decoding - ANSWER Ability to translate a word from print to speech, usually by
employing knowledge of sound-symbol correspondences; also, the act of deciphering a
new word by sounding it out.
Dialect - ANSWER A social or regional variety of a particular language with
phonological, grammatical, and lexical patterns that distinguish it from other varieties.
Directed Reading-Thinking Activity - ANSWER DR-TA Comprehension strategy that
guides students in asking questions about a text, making predictions, and then reading
to confirm or refute their predictions. The DRTA process encourages students to be
active and thoughtful readers, enhancing their comprehension.
Drafting stage - ANSWER Stage two of writing process; stage during which students
write sentences and paragraphs
Early alphabetic stage - ANSWER Students understand that letters represent speech,
they use letters to represent words.
Editing stage - ANSWER Stage 4 of writing process, stage during which students
correct spelling and punctuation errors
ESL students - ANSWER Students who are learning English as a second language;
Limited English Proficiency (LEP) students.
Etymology - ANSWER The study of the history and development of the structures and
meanings of words; derivation
Expressive Vocabulary - ANSWER The vocabulary used to communicate in speaking
and writing.
Figurative Language - ANSWER Language enriched by word images and figures of
speech.
Figure of speech - ANSWER The expressive, nonliteral use of language for special
effects, usually through images, as in metaphor and personification.
Free morpheme - ANSWER A morpheme that can stand alone in word formation.
Affix - ANSWER A morpheme or meaningful part of a word attached before or after a
root or base word to modify its meaning; a category that includes prefixes and suffixes.
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWER The use of letters and letter combinations to represent
phonemes in an orthography.
Automaticity - ANSWER Fluent performance without the conscious deployment of
attention
Base word - ANSWER A free morpheme, usually of Anglo-Saxon origin, to which affixes
can be added.
Blend - ANSWER A consonant sequence before or after a vowel within a syllable, such
as cl, br, or st; also called "consonant blend."
Book talk - ANSWER A discussion of one or more books by a teacher, librarian, or
student to introduce books and to induce others to read them.
Bound morpheme - ANSWER A morpheme, usually of Latin origin in English, that
cannot stand alone but is used to form a family of words with related meanings. A
bound root (such as -fer) has meaning only in combination with a prefix and/or a suffix.
Cloze procedure - ANSWER Any of several ways of measuring a person's ability to
restore omitted portions of an oral or written message by reading its remaining context.
Comprehension Monitoring - ANSWER The mental act of knowing when one does and
does not understand what one is reading.
Consonant - ANSWER A phoneme that is not a vowel and is formed with obstruction of
the flow of air with the teeth, lips, or tongue; also called a closed sound in some
instructional programs; English has 40 or more consonants; also may refer to an
alphabet letter used in representing any of these sounds.
Consonant digraph - ANSWER Written letter combination that corresponds to one
speech sound but is not represented by either letter alone, such as th or ph.
Context - ANSWER The sounds, words, or phrases adjacent to a spoken or written
language unit.
Context clue - ANSWER Information from the immediate textual setting that helps
identify a word or word group, as by words, phrases, sentences, illustrations, syntax, or
typography.
Contextual analysis - ANSWER The search for the meaning of an unknown word
through an examination of its context; the use of a larger linguistic unit to determine the
meaning of a smaller unit.
, RVE Study Guide
Continuant - ANSWER Speech sound that can be spoken uninterrupted until the
speaker runs out of breath (/m/, /s/, /v/).
Decodable text - ANSWER Text in which a large proportion of words (approximately
70%-80%) comprise sound-symbol relationships that have already been taught; used to
provide practice with specific decoding skills and to form a bridge between learning
phonics and applying phonics in independent reading of text.
Decoding - ANSWER Ability to translate a word from print to speech, usually by
employing knowledge of sound-symbol correspondences; also, the act of deciphering a
new word by sounding it out.
Dialect - ANSWER A social or regional variety of a particular language with
phonological, grammatical, and lexical patterns that distinguish it from other varieties.
Directed Reading-Thinking Activity - ANSWER DR-TA Comprehension strategy that
guides students in asking questions about a text, making predictions, and then reading
to confirm or refute their predictions. The DRTA process encourages students to be
active and thoughtful readers, enhancing their comprehension.
Drafting stage - ANSWER Stage two of writing process; stage during which students
write sentences and paragraphs
Early alphabetic stage - ANSWER Students understand that letters represent speech,
they use letters to represent words.
Editing stage - ANSWER Stage 4 of writing process, stage during which students
correct spelling and punctuation errors
ESL students - ANSWER Students who are learning English as a second language;
Limited English Proficiency (LEP) students.
Etymology - ANSWER The study of the history and development of the structures and
meanings of words; derivation
Expressive Vocabulary - ANSWER The vocabulary used to communicate in speaking
and writing.
Figurative Language - ANSWER Language enriched by word images and figures of
speech.
Figure of speech - ANSWER The expressive, nonliteral use of language for special
effects, usually through images, as in metaphor and personification.
Free morpheme - ANSWER A morpheme that can stand alone in word formation.
