ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL PRATICE A ASSESSMENT 90 CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL PRATICE A ASSESSMENT 90 CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect? a. Answer: BUN 32 mg/dL b. Why?: Client will have an elevated BUN, creatinine, and specific gravity levels resulting from the excess glucose present in the urine. c. Ketones in urine and blood, Kussmaul respirations (deep and rapid respirations that compensate for decreased pH) d. pH level less than 7.35 due to the increased production of ketones, which results in metabolic acidosis. Sodium bicarbonate is given for sever acidosis when the client’s pH is less than 7 e. HCO3 less than 15 mEq/L because of an increase production of ketones, resulting in metabolic acidosis. 2. A nurse and an assistive personnel (AP) are caring for a client who has bacterial meningitis. The nurse should give the AP which of the following instructions? a. Answer: Wear a mask b. Why?: Requires droplet precautions until the client has begun antibiotic therapy c. Keep the room dim and avoid bright lights from windows to promote comfort and rest and avoid photophobia. d. Keep the head of bed at a 30 degree elevation. 3. A nurse is providing instructions to a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and a new prescription for metformin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. Answer: “I should take this medication with a meal” b. Why?: Take with or immediately following meals to improve absorption and minimize GI distress. c. Decreases the amount of glucose produced in the liver and increases tissue sensitivity to insulin. d. Clients typically lose weight 4. A nurse in a provider’s office is assessing a client who has hypertension and takes propranolol. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing an adverse reaction to this medication? a. Answer: Report of a night cough b. Why?: An early indication of heart failure and report to HCP c. Cause dry eyes and vision changes d. Affects the hearts, lungs, and eyes e. Cause dry mouth, abdominal cramping, constipation, and diarrhea 5. A nurse is caring for a client who has a leg cast and is returning demonstration on the proper use of crutches while climbing stairs. Identify the sequence the client should follow when demonstrating crutch use. a. Answer: Place body weight on the crutches, advances the unaffected leg onto the stair, shifts weight from the crutches to the unaffected leg, and brings the crutches and the affected leg up to the stair.