INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL AND TEST BANK
to accompany
Our Society: Human Diversity in Canada
Chapter 1: An Overview of Diversity in Canada....................................................................................................1
Paul U. Angelini
Chapter 2: Demographic Trends in Canada.............................................................................................................7
Michelle Broderick
Chapter 3: Social Inequality and Stratification in Canada.....................................................................................15
Eddie Grattan
Chapter 4: Race and Ethnicity: The Obvious Diversity........................................................................................23
Paul U. Angelini and Michelle Broderick
Chapter 5: Aboriginal Peoples...............................................................................................................................31
,ii
John Steckley
Chapter 6: Religion as Meaning and the Canadian Context..................................................................................39
Mikal Austin Radford
Chapter 7: Disability as Difference.......................................................................................................................49
Nancy Nicholls
Chapter 8: Diversity and Conformity: The Role of Gender..................................................................................57
Leslie Butler
Chapter 9: Sexual Diversity in Canada..................................................................................................................65
Shane Gannon and Lee Easton
Chapter 10: Diversity in Canadian Families: Traditional Values and Beyond......................................................73
Geoff Ondercin-Bourne
Chapter 11: The Medium Diversifies the Message: How Media Portray Diversity..............................................81
Grant Havers
Chapter 12: Literature: The Voice of Diversity.....................................................................................................89
Paula Jessop
CHAPTER 1
Regionalism in Canada: The Forgotten Diversity
Paul U. Angelini
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Understanding regionalism is vital to understanding life in Canada. Regionalism is a form of diversity because
Canada is a country comprised of many regions where the inhabitants of each region regard themselves as different
from those in other regions. After all, regions are made up of people and people make regions.
Provinces are the appropriate tools to examine regionalism because provinces speak with a single voice, command
the loyalty of their populations and possess the political tolls to create a shared regional identity.
There are many explanations for the existence of regionalism. Four of the most popular are the natural resources
approach, market approaches, interventionist approaches and Marxist approaches. They are mutually exclusive
explanations. More than one cannot be used to explain the existence of regional differences and their affect on
Canadian life.
There are many factors that intensify regional differences. Two of the most important are federalism and our
electoral system, the single-member plurality system. Federalism is important because senior decision makers
frequently support the interests of some regions at the expense of others. Similarly, the single-member plurality
system is based on the principle of representation by population. Consequently, the provinces with the most people
—Ontario and Quebec—will determine the outcome of federal elections. Governments, therefore, will always cater
to their interests first.
The federal government, however, does have an interest in the wellbeing of the entire country. Paradoxically, the
federal government has made decisions and implemented policies that have both intensified regional differences (see
the case of Western Canada), and attempted to ameliorate these same differences. The three most common tools
used to lessen regional differences are reducing physical distances, spending money, and promoting understanding
between Canadians.
Finally, whatever actions and policies are adopted by the federal government, there is always an important
sociopsychological component to regionalism that government and Canadians ignore at their own peril. The most
visible example of this is the contempt shared by most Canadians with regard to Central Canada and Metropolitan
Toronto. While this contempt brings some Canadians together, it drives others apart.
,iii
Chapter 1 Regionalism in Canada: The Forgotten Diversity
TEST BANK QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with regional analysis?
a. There is no consensus on regional definition
b. Provinces are often confused with regions
c. Some people consider it inappropriate to study Canadian residents by region
d. Most people believe that regions are nonexistent
ANS: D
REF: p. 5
2. A number of theoretical approaches are used to explain the causes of regionalism. Which of the following is
NOT one of the main theoretical approaches?
a. natural resources approach
b. state approach
c. interventionist approach
d. Marxist approach
ANS: B
REF: pp. 8-11
3. Which two factors intensify regionalism?
a. imperialism and CBC
b. imperialism and the Commonwealth
c. federalism and colonialism
d. federalism and the electoral system
ANS: D
REF: pp. 12-15
4. Which was NOT an attempt by the federal government to reduce regional differences?
a. CPR
b. TCA
c. FIRA
d. transfer payments
ANS: C
REF: pp. 26-29
5. How many Royal Commissions has the federal government initiated since 1867?
a. 300
b. 400
c. 500
d. 600
ANS: B
REF: p. 29
6. What is Canada’s electoral system called?
a. absolute majority
b. multi-member constituency
, iv
c. single member plurality
d. proportional representation
ANS: C
REF: p. 14
7. How many regions are there in Canada?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 7
d. 13
ANS: A
REF: p. 8
8. Where is the Golden Horseshoe area of Ontario?
a. between Kitchener and St. Catharines
b. between Oshawa and Niagara Falls
c. between Pickering and Peterborough
d. between London and St. Catharines
ANS: B
REF: p. 6
9. Which theoretical approach asserts that some regions have prospered at the expense of others?
a. Marxist
b. free enterprise
c. market
d. interventionist
ANS: D
REF: p. 10
10. The Meech Lake Accord was an example of which type of decision making?
a. executive federalism
b. Canadian federalism
c. parliamentary federalism
d. unitary federalism
ANS: A
REF: p. 13
11. Which of the following principles is used to determine how many seats each province has in the House of
Commons?
a. cooperation
b. federalism and executive federalism
c. representation by population
d. proportional representation
ANS: C
REF: p. 14
12. Which is NOT associated with regionalism?
a. national childcare
b. social-psychological thoughts
c. provinces
d. attitudes
to accompany
Our Society: Human Diversity in Canada
Chapter 1: An Overview of Diversity in Canada....................................................................................................1
Paul U. Angelini
Chapter 2: Demographic Trends in Canada.............................................................................................................7
Michelle Broderick
Chapter 3: Social Inequality and Stratification in Canada.....................................................................................15
Eddie Grattan
Chapter 4: Race and Ethnicity: The Obvious Diversity........................................................................................23
Paul U. Angelini and Michelle Broderick
Chapter 5: Aboriginal Peoples...............................................................................................................................31
,ii
John Steckley
Chapter 6: Religion as Meaning and the Canadian Context..................................................................................39
Mikal Austin Radford
Chapter 7: Disability as Difference.......................................................................................................................49
Nancy Nicholls
Chapter 8: Diversity and Conformity: The Role of Gender..................................................................................57
Leslie Butler
Chapter 9: Sexual Diversity in Canada..................................................................................................................65
Shane Gannon and Lee Easton
Chapter 10: Diversity in Canadian Families: Traditional Values and Beyond......................................................73
Geoff Ondercin-Bourne
Chapter 11: The Medium Diversifies the Message: How Media Portray Diversity..............................................81
Grant Havers
Chapter 12: Literature: The Voice of Diversity.....................................................................................................89
Paula Jessop
CHAPTER 1
Regionalism in Canada: The Forgotten Diversity
Paul U. Angelini
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Understanding regionalism is vital to understanding life in Canada. Regionalism is a form of diversity because
Canada is a country comprised of many regions where the inhabitants of each region regard themselves as different
from those in other regions. After all, regions are made up of people and people make regions.
Provinces are the appropriate tools to examine regionalism because provinces speak with a single voice, command
the loyalty of their populations and possess the political tolls to create a shared regional identity.
There are many explanations for the existence of regionalism. Four of the most popular are the natural resources
approach, market approaches, interventionist approaches and Marxist approaches. They are mutually exclusive
explanations. More than one cannot be used to explain the existence of regional differences and their affect on
Canadian life.
There are many factors that intensify regional differences. Two of the most important are federalism and our
electoral system, the single-member plurality system. Federalism is important because senior decision makers
frequently support the interests of some regions at the expense of others. Similarly, the single-member plurality
system is based on the principle of representation by population. Consequently, the provinces with the most people
—Ontario and Quebec—will determine the outcome of federal elections. Governments, therefore, will always cater
to their interests first.
The federal government, however, does have an interest in the wellbeing of the entire country. Paradoxically, the
federal government has made decisions and implemented policies that have both intensified regional differences (see
the case of Western Canada), and attempted to ameliorate these same differences. The three most common tools
used to lessen regional differences are reducing physical distances, spending money, and promoting understanding
between Canadians.
Finally, whatever actions and policies are adopted by the federal government, there is always an important
sociopsychological component to regionalism that government and Canadians ignore at their own peril. The most
visible example of this is the contempt shared by most Canadians with regard to Central Canada and Metropolitan
Toronto. While this contempt brings some Canadians together, it drives others apart.
,iii
Chapter 1 Regionalism in Canada: The Forgotten Diversity
TEST BANK QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with regional analysis?
a. There is no consensus on regional definition
b. Provinces are often confused with regions
c. Some people consider it inappropriate to study Canadian residents by region
d. Most people believe that regions are nonexistent
ANS: D
REF: p. 5
2. A number of theoretical approaches are used to explain the causes of regionalism. Which of the following is
NOT one of the main theoretical approaches?
a. natural resources approach
b. state approach
c. interventionist approach
d. Marxist approach
ANS: B
REF: pp. 8-11
3. Which two factors intensify regionalism?
a. imperialism and CBC
b. imperialism and the Commonwealth
c. federalism and colonialism
d. federalism and the electoral system
ANS: D
REF: pp. 12-15
4. Which was NOT an attempt by the federal government to reduce regional differences?
a. CPR
b. TCA
c. FIRA
d. transfer payments
ANS: C
REF: pp. 26-29
5. How many Royal Commissions has the federal government initiated since 1867?
a. 300
b. 400
c. 500
d. 600
ANS: B
REF: p. 29
6. What is Canada’s electoral system called?
a. absolute majority
b. multi-member constituency
, iv
c. single member plurality
d. proportional representation
ANS: C
REF: p. 14
7. How many regions are there in Canada?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 7
d. 13
ANS: A
REF: p. 8
8. Where is the Golden Horseshoe area of Ontario?
a. between Kitchener and St. Catharines
b. between Oshawa and Niagara Falls
c. between Pickering and Peterborough
d. between London and St. Catharines
ANS: B
REF: p. 6
9. Which theoretical approach asserts that some regions have prospered at the expense of others?
a. Marxist
b. free enterprise
c. market
d. interventionist
ANS: D
REF: p. 10
10. The Meech Lake Accord was an example of which type of decision making?
a. executive federalism
b. Canadian federalism
c. parliamentary federalism
d. unitary federalism
ANS: A
REF: p. 13
11. Which of the following principles is used to determine how many seats each province has in the House of
Commons?
a. cooperation
b. federalism and executive federalism
c. representation by population
d. proportional representation
ANS: C
REF: p. 14
12. Which is NOT associated with regionalism?
a. national childcare
b. social-psychological thoughts
c. provinces
d. attitudes
