Final exam nr328 PEDS
cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism) - Answer A word from the past to classify infants
who were not exposed to sufficient quantities of thyroid hormone in utero
what can cause a infant to have cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism )? - Answer 1.
insufficiency of iodine in mothers diet
2. Untreated maternal hypothyroidism
what sign will the child show at birth associated with cretinism/congenital
hypothyroidism ? - Answer 1. Distinguished facial characteristics
2. Diminished growth
3. Mental retardation
Juvenile Hypothyroidism - Answer known as the "good babies" because always quiet
and sleepy they have decrease growth ,constipation,
in myxedematous changes
dry skin and sparse hair
periorbital edema
Iodine deficiency - Answer is the most preventable form of brain damage
Reye's syndrome - Answer is a rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the
liver and brain which causes liver dysfunction and cerebral edema
Reyes syndrome is most common in ? - Answer Children and teenager (4-12) who have
or are recovering from chicken pox or flu like symptoms receiving ASPIRIN!!!
Patients who have Reyes syndrome should not use? - Answer Aspirin
Reyes syndrome is ? - Answer idiopathic
Since the liver is dysfunctional in Reyes syndrome - - Answer Ammonia build up
because your liver is not filtering out the toxins so it can pass the blood barrier in the
brain causing encephalopathy
Reye's Syndrome symptoms - Answer -Vomiting,
-Alter mental status
-absence fever
-Rash on palms of hands and feet, seizures
,Final exam nr328 PEDS
-weak or diminished reflexes, cerebral edema
-increase LIVER ENZYMES
-increased AMMONIA LEVELS
-increased ptt because the liver plays a role in clotting
-glycogen problem ( glycogen to convert to glucose problem and vice versa )
Reye's Syndrome treatment - Answer -Ondansetron may be given to decrease vomiting.
-Seizure: phenytoin
-Decrease ICP give Mannitol
**but iv fluids for the most part careful monitoring and supportive care
Reye's syndrome (RS) diagnosis - Answer LIVER biopsy and CSF analysis ( because it
deals with the brain being enlarged )
cerebral palsy (CP) - Answer condition characterized by lack of muscle control and
partial paralysis, caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after
**Although PT might have this 40-60% have normal IQ's
cerebral palsy can cause what other problem/complication- - Answer can cause
abnormal perception and sensation: such as Visual ,hearing ,and speech
impairment :seizure and cognitive disabilities depending on what part of the brain is
damaged
**use manual jaw control because lower jaw is weak during feeding
cerebral palsy (CP) usually happens when ? - Answer usually happens before birth from
prenatal care and things such as radiation ,infection and hypoxia ( placental
insufficiency )
If cerebral palsy does happen at birth when does it happen? - Answer -Post Birth
* head trauma
* infection
* hypoxia
Cerebral palsy - Answer Doesn't progressive overtime **meaning it doesn't get worse*
,Final exam nr328 PEDS
non progressive
cerebral palsy (CP) is classified by movements - Answer {Spastic} - most common 70%
of cases
- tightness and stiff muscle
-jerky movement because Gaba isn't inhibited which causes over excited leading to
hypertonia and "scissor gait"(knees rubbing)
{Dyskinetic} or Athemoid:
involuntarily movement
-Dystonia : Random slow movement which are uncontrolled movements and limb/trunk,
-Chorea : Random "dance-like" movement
-Ataxic :
without order
- uncoordinated shaky
-poor ability to do repetitive movements
cerebral palsy symptoms - Answer Chronic, static impairment of muscles
from birth
-Limb spasticity, weakness, paralysis (MC)
-Ataxia (loss of control of movements)
-Dystonia
Often with:
-seizures
-mental retardation
-speech problems
-vision problems
-hearing problems
-tight muscles
-abnormal posture
-stiff joints
-eating problems
-learning disability
Cerebral Palsy
Treatment - Answer -support because non curable
, Final exam nr328 PEDS
-Specialist such as neurologist , occupational , speech, physical therapist
-Muscle relaxant
baclofen :iv or po
-Pain Meds
dantrolene
diazepam
-Physical therapy to prevent atrophy or contractures
-Mobilization devices
-botox :can be used to paralyze salivary gland to reduce drooling
-Surgury to loosen muscles , straighten bones ,cut nerves to reduce
movements/spasms
In children Cerebral Palsy patient may show - Answer -Poor head control after the age
of 3 months
-Stiff or rigid limbs
-asymetrical crawl
-Arching back /Pushing away
-Floppy tone
-Unable to sit without support at the age of 8 months
-Clenched fist after the age of 3 months
*Preterm birth of ELBW
( extremely low birth weight )
Possible Behavior signs of Cerebral Palsy - Answer -Excessive irritability
-No smiling by age 3 months
-feeding difficulties
*Persistent tongue thrushing
*Frequent gagging or choking with feeds
cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism) - Answer A word from the past to classify infants
who were not exposed to sufficient quantities of thyroid hormone in utero
what can cause a infant to have cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism )? - Answer 1.
insufficiency of iodine in mothers diet
2. Untreated maternal hypothyroidism
what sign will the child show at birth associated with cretinism/congenital
hypothyroidism ? - Answer 1. Distinguished facial characteristics
2. Diminished growth
3. Mental retardation
Juvenile Hypothyroidism - Answer known as the "good babies" because always quiet
and sleepy they have decrease growth ,constipation,
in myxedematous changes
dry skin and sparse hair
periorbital edema
Iodine deficiency - Answer is the most preventable form of brain damage
Reye's syndrome - Answer is a rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the
liver and brain which causes liver dysfunction and cerebral edema
Reyes syndrome is most common in ? - Answer Children and teenager (4-12) who have
or are recovering from chicken pox or flu like symptoms receiving ASPIRIN!!!
Patients who have Reyes syndrome should not use? - Answer Aspirin
Reyes syndrome is ? - Answer idiopathic
Since the liver is dysfunctional in Reyes syndrome - - Answer Ammonia build up
because your liver is not filtering out the toxins so it can pass the blood barrier in the
brain causing encephalopathy
Reye's Syndrome symptoms - Answer -Vomiting,
-Alter mental status
-absence fever
-Rash on palms of hands and feet, seizures
,Final exam nr328 PEDS
-weak or diminished reflexes, cerebral edema
-increase LIVER ENZYMES
-increased AMMONIA LEVELS
-increased ptt because the liver plays a role in clotting
-glycogen problem ( glycogen to convert to glucose problem and vice versa )
Reye's Syndrome treatment - Answer -Ondansetron may be given to decrease vomiting.
-Seizure: phenytoin
-Decrease ICP give Mannitol
**but iv fluids for the most part careful monitoring and supportive care
Reye's syndrome (RS) diagnosis - Answer LIVER biopsy and CSF analysis ( because it
deals with the brain being enlarged )
cerebral palsy (CP) - Answer condition characterized by lack of muscle control and
partial paralysis, caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after
**Although PT might have this 40-60% have normal IQ's
cerebral palsy can cause what other problem/complication- - Answer can cause
abnormal perception and sensation: such as Visual ,hearing ,and speech
impairment :seizure and cognitive disabilities depending on what part of the brain is
damaged
**use manual jaw control because lower jaw is weak during feeding
cerebral palsy (CP) usually happens when ? - Answer usually happens before birth from
prenatal care and things such as radiation ,infection and hypoxia ( placental
insufficiency )
If cerebral palsy does happen at birth when does it happen? - Answer -Post Birth
* head trauma
* infection
* hypoxia
Cerebral palsy - Answer Doesn't progressive overtime **meaning it doesn't get worse*
,Final exam nr328 PEDS
non progressive
cerebral palsy (CP) is classified by movements - Answer {Spastic} - most common 70%
of cases
- tightness and stiff muscle
-jerky movement because Gaba isn't inhibited which causes over excited leading to
hypertonia and "scissor gait"(knees rubbing)
{Dyskinetic} or Athemoid:
involuntarily movement
-Dystonia : Random slow movement which are uncontrolled movements and limb/trunk,
-Chorea : Random "dance-like" movement
-Ataxic :
without order
- uncoordinated shaky
-poor ability to do repetitive movements
cerebral palsy symptoms - Answer Chronic, static impairment of muscles
from birth
-Limb spasticity, weakness, paralysis (MC)
-Ataxia (loss of control of movements)
-Dystonia
Often with:
-seizures
-mental retardation
-speech problems
-vision problems
-hearing problems
-tight muscles
-abnormal posture
-stiff joints
-eating problems
-learning disability
Cerebral Palsy
Treatment - Answer -support because non curable
, Final exam nr328 PEDS
-Specialist such as neurologist , occupational , speech, physical therapist
-Muscle relaxant
baclofen :iv or po
-Pain Meds
dantrolene
diazepam
-Physical therapy to prevent atrophy or contractures
-Mobilization devices
-botox :can be used to paralyze salivary gland to reduce drooling
-Surgury to loosen muscles , straighten bones ,cut nerves to reduce
movements/spasms
In children Cerebral Palsy patient may show - Answer -Poor head control after the age
of 3 months
-Stiff or rigid limbs
-asymetrical crawl
-Arching back /Pushing away
-Floppy tone
-Unable to sit without support at the age of 8 months
-Clenched fist after the age of 3 months
*Preterm birth of ELBW
( extremely low birth weight )
Possible Behavior signs of Cerebral Palsy - Answer -Excessive irritability
-No smiling by age 3 months
-feeding difficulties
*Persistent tongue thrushing
*Frequent gagging or choking with feeds
