NR 325 Final
Client teaching for acute cholecystitis - Answer Low-fat diet (decreases episodes of
biliary colic)
Ambulate frequently
Manifestations of acute cholecystitis - Answer Sharp pain in the RUQ
Evidence of Murphy's sign (pain with deep inspiration during right subcostal palpation)
What are patients with acute pancreatitis at risk for? - Answer Hyperglycemia due to
possible destruction of beta cells (Type 1 DM)
Physical findings of acute pancreatitis - Answer Grey Turner's sign (ecchymosis of the
flanks)
Cullen's sign (bluish-gray periumbilical discoloration)
What are expected labs following acute pancreatitis? - Answer Amylase rises within first
24 hours
Blood lipase increases slowly
("ases" are high)
What is a treatment to help with acute pancreatitis? - Answer NPO until the pain is gone
(allows the pancreas to rest and reduces secretion of pancreatic enzymes)
When diet is resumed: bland, high-protein, low-fat diet with no stimulants; small frequent
meals
What medication can a patient with chronic pancreatitis take? - Answer Pancrelipase
(aids in the digestion of fats and proteins)
Take medication with meals (3x a day) followed by a full glass of water
What is ascites? - Answer Bloating or swelling due to fluid buildup in abdomen or legs
If a patient has ascites, what do you want to restrict? - Answer Restrict sodium and
fluids
What is a primary cause of liver cirrhosis? - Answer Alcohol abuse
What could sodium do to a patient with liver cirrhosis? - Answer Cause fluid retention
What is a physical finding of liver cirrhosis? - Answer Petechiae
Nursing interventions for a patient with liver cirrhosis - Answer Diuretics
Low-sodium diet
Measure abdominal girth daily
Daily weights
What is a paracentesis? - Answer Procedure involving a large needle used to relieve
ascites
, NR 325 Final
Make sure the patient is supine with the HOB elevated
Paracentesis post procedure nursing interventions - Answer Monitor HR and BP (d/t the
risk of developing pulmonary edema or cardiac distress)
Monitor for increased RR with cough and blood-tinged, frothy sputum
What is hepatic encephalopathy? - Answer When patients have a poorly functioning
liver and it is unable to convert ammonia and other waste products to a less toxic form.
These products are carried to the brain and cause neurological manifestations
What medication is given to patients with hepatic encephalopathy? - Answer Lactulose
is given to reduce the ammonia levels in the blood stream via intestinal excretion
What is HPV? - Answer HPV is the most common type of STI. Some types can cause
genital warts and cervical cancers
What strains of HPV cause genital warts? - Answer Strains 6 and 11
What is HSV? - Answer Herpes simplex virus
Incurable viral infection, very common
HSV I: oral lesions
HSV II: genital lesions
What is syphilis treated with? - Answer Penicillin G IM in a single dose (safe during
pregnancy)
Doxycycline or tetracycline orally if allergic to PCN as alternative therapy (do not give if
pregnant)
What can occur if syphilis goes untreated? - Answer Nervous system changes (difficulty
coordinating muscle movements) and blindness; aneurysms; death
Route of transmission for hepatitis A - Answer Fecal-oral
Risk factors for hepatitis A - Answer Ingestion of contaminated food/water, especially
shellfish
Contacted with infected stool
Route of transmission for hepatitis B - Answer Blood
Risk factors for hepatitis B - Answer Unprotected sex
Infants born to infected mothers
Contact with infected blood (transmitted to healthcare workers via needle sticks)
Substance use disorder
Route of transmission for hepatitis C - Answer Blood
Client teaching for acute cholecystitis - Answer Low-fat diet (decreases episodes of
biliary colic)
Ambulate frequently
Manifestations of acute cholecystitis - Answer Sharp pain in the RUQ
Evidence of Murphy's sign (pain with deep inspiration during right subcostal palpation)
What are patients with acute pancreatitis at risk for? - Answer Hyperglycemia due to
possible destruction of beta cells (Type 1 DM)
Physical findings of acute pancreatitis - Answer Grey Turner's sign (ecchymosis of the
flanks)
Cullen's sign (bluish-gray periumbilical discoloration)
What are expected labs following acute pancreatitis? - Answer Amylase rises within first
24 hours
Blood lipase increases slowly
("ases" are high)
What is a treatment to help with acute pancreatitis? - Answer NPO until the pain is gone
(allows the pancreas to rest and reduces secretion of pancreatic enzymes)
When diet is resumed: bland, high-protein, low-fat diet with no stimulants; small frequent
meals
What medication can a patient with chronic pancreatitis take? - Answer Pancrelipase
(aids in the digestion of fats and proteins)
Take medication with meals (3x a day) followed by a full glass of water
What is ascites? - Answer Bloating or swelling due to fluid buildup in abdomen or legs
If a patient has ascites, what do you want to restrict? - Answer Restrict sodium and
fluids
What is a primary cause of liver cirrhosis? - Answer Alcohol abuse
What could sodium do to a patient with liver cirrhosis? - Answer Cause fluid retention
What is a physical finding of liver cirrhosis? - Answer Petechiae
Nursing interventions for a patient with liver cirrhosis - Answer Diuretics
Low-sodium diet
Measure abdominal girth daily
Daily weights
What is a paracentesis? - Answer Procedure involving a large needle used to relieve
ascites
, NR 325 Final
Make sure the patient is supine with the HOB elevated
Paracentesis post procedure nursing interventions - Answer Monitor HR and BP (d/t the
risk of developing pulmonary edema or cardiac distress)
Monitor for increased RR with cough and blood-tinged, frothy sputum
What is hepatic encephalopathy? - Answer When patients have a poorly functioning
liver and it is unable to convert ammonia and other waste products to a less toxic form.
These products are carried to the brain and cause neurological manifestations
What medication is given to patients with hepatic encephalopathy? - Answer Lactulose
is given to reduce the ammonia levels in the blood stream via intestinal excretion
What is HPV? - Answer HPV is the most common type of STI. Some types can cause
genital warts and cervical cancers
What strains of HPV cause genital warts? - Answer Strains 6 and 11
What is HSV? - Answer Herpes simplex virus
Incurable viral infection, very common
HSV I: oral lesions
HSV II: genital lesions
What is syphilis treated with? - Answer Penicillin G IM in a single dose (safe during
pregnancy)
Doxycycline or tetracycline orally if allergic to PCN as alternative therapy (do not give if
pregnant)
What can occur if syphilis goes untreated? - Answer Nervous system changes (difficulty
coordinating muscle movements) and blindness; aneurysms; death
Route of transmission for hepatitis A - Answer Fecal-oral
Risk factors for hepatitis A - Answer Ingestion of contaminated food/water, especially
shellfish
Contacted with infected stool
Route of transmission for hepatitis B - Answer Blood
Risk factors for hepatitis B - Answer Unprotected sex
Infants born to infected mothers
Contact with infected blood (transmitted to healthcare workers via needle sticks)
Substance use disorder
Route of transmission for hepatitis C - Answer Blood
