NRSG 3200 Exam 5 2021/2022
5 steps of inflammation - ANSWER 1. Transient vasoconstriction
2. Vasodilation
3. Increased vascular permulaility
4. Leukocyte infiltration
5. Redness, heat, swelling, pain and loss of function
What cell causes fever and redness - ANSWER Cytokines
5 PARTS of inflammation - ANSWER Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Tenderness
MOA of histamine - ANSWER vasodilation and vascular permeability
MOA of Kinins - ANSWER Vasodilation, attract neutrophils
(Bradykinin)
MOA of prostaglandins - ANSWER Increase vascular permeability, cause fever
What ibuprofen stops
How is inflammation classified - ANSWER Duration
Type of exudate
Time limit for chronic inflammation - ANSWER 2 weeks
regeneration vs repair - ANSWER -Regeneration: replication of original cell; no scar;
*epithelium*, nerves, bone, liver
-Repair: replaced by connective tissue; scar; *dermis*, fat, tendons, fascia, cartilage
First intention healing - ANSWER method of healing in which wound edges are
surgically approximated and integumentary continuity is restored without granulation
Second intention healing - ANSWER method of healing in which wound edges are not
surgically approximated and integumentary continuity is restored by the process known
as granulation!
an inappropriate response of the immune system to normally harmless substance. -
ANSWER Allergy
a protein that the body recognizes as foreign can cause a reaction or not. - ANSWER
Antigen
, NRSG 3200 Exam 5 2021/2022
a substance that causes an allergic reaction (weeds, dust, or pollen). Allergens are
types of antigens that produce an abnormally vigorous immune response. - ANSWER
Allergen
(protein substance) that protect against antigens. - ANSWER Antibody
produced when lymphocytes respond to the antigens. They neutralize the very antigen
that triggered their production. - ANSWER Antibodies
Type 1 allergic reaction - ANSWER Anaphylaxis
Lasts up to 24 hrs
skin, lungs, and GI tract
Symptoms: hypotension, bronchospasm, cardiovascular collapse, can be local and
systemic
Most severe type 1 reaction is anaphylaxis
a true latex allergy; hives, itching, rash, wheezing, tachycardia, respiratory and cardiac
arrest
Type 2 allergic reaction - ANSWER A normal constituent of the body is recognized as
foreign
IgG! or IgM! binds to the cell to cause injury or death
Examples: Myasthenia gravis, Goodpasture syndrome, Destruction of fetal RBC's in Rh-
hemolytic disease of newborn, ABO incompatibility transfusion reaction, autoimmune
hemolytic anemia
Type 3 allergic reaction - ANSWER Involve "clumps" of immune complexes that are
formed when antigens bind to antibodies
These antigen-antibody complexes accumulate in tissues, often joints, and blood
vessels
Results in inflammation with vascular permeability and tissue injury
Joints and kidneys are particularly susceptible
Examples: Systemic lupus erythematous, Rheumatoid arthritis, serum sickness, certain
types of Nephritis, some types of Bacterial endocarditis
Type 4 allergic reaction - ANSWER Delayed-reaction allergy
Eruptions and inflammation of the skin
It is mediated by sensitized T cells and macrophages rather than antibodies!!!!
Symptoms: itching, erythema, and raised lesions
Examples: Contact dermatitis from cosmetics,
nickel, poison ivy, adhesive tape,
topical agents (iodine), medication
additives, plant toxins, PPD test
Takes about 48 hours to occur
Most common antibody for type 1 reactions - ANSWER IgE
5 steps of inflammation - ANSWER 1. Transient vasoconstriction
2. Vasodilation
3. Increased vascular permulaility
4. Leukocyte infiltration
5. Redness, heat, swelling, pain and loss of function
What cell causes fever and redness - ANSWER Cytokines
5 PARTS of inflammation - ANSWER Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Tenderness
MOA of histamine - ANSWER vasodilation and vascular permeability
MOA of Kinins - ANSWER Vasodilation, attract neutrophils
(Bradykinin)
MOA of prostaglandins - ANSWER Increase vascular permeability, cause fever
What ibuprofen stops
How is inflammation classified - ANSWER Duration
Type of exudate
Time limit for chronic inflammation - ANSWER 2 weeks
regeneration vs repair - ANSWER -Regeneration: replication of original cell; no scar;
*epithelium*, nerves, bone, liver
-Repair: replaced by connective tissue; scar; *dermis*, fat, tendons, fascia, cartilage
First intention healing - ANSWER method of healing in which wound edges are
surgically approximated and integumentary continuity is restored without granulation
Second intention healing - ANSWER method of healing in which wound edges are not
surgically approximated and integumentary continuity is restored by the process known
as granulation!
an inappropriate response of the immune system to normally harmless substance. -
ANSWER Allergy
a protein that the body recognizes as foreign can cause a reaction or not. - ANSWER
Antigen
, NRSG 3200 Exam 5 2021/2022
a substance that causes an allergic reaction (weeds, dust, or pollen). Allergens are
types of antigens that produce an abnormally vigorous immune response. - ANSWER
Allergen
(protein substance) that protect against antigens. - ANSWER Antibody
produced when lymphocytes respond to the antigens. They neutralize the very antigen
that triggered their production. - ANSWER Antibodies
Type 1 allergic reaction - ANSWER Anaphylaxis
Lasts up to 24 hrs
skin, lungs, and GI tract
Symptoms: hypotension, bronchospasm, cardiovascular collapse, can be local and
systemic
Most severe type 1 reaction is anaphylaxis
a true latex allergy; hives, itching, rash, wheezing, tachycardia, respiratory and cardiac
arrest
Type 2 allergic reaction - ANSWER A normal constituent of the body is recognized as
foreign
IgG! or IgM! binds to the cell to cause injury or death
Examples: Myasthenia gravis, Goodpasture syndrome, Destruction of fetal RBC's in Rh-
hemolytic disease of newborn, ABO incompatibility transfusion reaction, autoimmune
hemolytic anemia
Type 3 allergic reaction - ANSWER Involve "clumps" of immune complexes that are
formed when antigens bind to antibodies
These antigen-antibody complexes accumulate in tissues, often joints, and blood
vessels
Results in inflammation with vascular permeability and tissue injury
Joints and kidneys are particularly susceptible
Examples: Systemic lupus erythematous, Rheumatoid arthritis, serum sickness, certain
types of Nephritis, some types of Bacterial endocarditis
Type 4 allergic reaction - ANSWER Delayed-reaction allergy
Eruptions and inflammation of the skin
It is mediated by sensitized T cells and macrophages rather than antibodies!!!!
Symptoms: itching, erythema, and raised lesions
Examples: Contact dermatitis from cosmetics,
nickel, poison ivy, adhesive tape,
topical agents (iodine), medication
additives, plant toxins, PPD test
Takes about 48 hours to occur
Most common antibody for type 1 reactions - ANSWER IgE
