SSHS Biology - Semester 1 Final Exam Review 2022

Alcoholic fermenation A type of cellular respiration in which oxygen is not involved, and produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. lactic acid fermentation A process used by our muscles to produce energy when anaerobic (no oxygen) conditions exist. 00:02 01:17 The function of mitosis To produce genetically identical cells for growth and repair. Animal cells are round, lack a cell wall, and does not contain chloroplasts. Plant cells tend to be rectangular, have a cell wall, and usually contain chloroplasts. How can you tell the difference between a plant and an animal cell? Control group The standard to which comparisons are made in an experiment. Brain and muscle cells What cells would not likely go through continuous mitosis? Prophase What phase of mitosis is shown? Metaphase What phase of mitosis is shown? Anaphase What phase of mitosis is shown? Telophase What phase of mitosis is shown? By understanding science, we know more about how the world around us works, and that allows us to make informed decisions about about lives and our health, without being fooled by non-scientific trends, gimmicks, and false advertising. Why is learning science important? Muscle cells What cells in the body may contain a large quantity of mitochondria? Primary succession What kind of ecological succession occurs after a major volcanic eruption? Mutualism A type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit. Parasitism A type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Commensalism A type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped or harmed. A cell with a nucleus. Includes all cells except for bacteria. What is a eukaryotic cell? A cell without a nucleus. Includes all bacteria. What is a prokaryotic cell? An organism that uses light as a source of energy. Examples include green plants, some protists, and some bacteria. What is an autotroph? An organism that must either ingest or absorb energy. Examples include you, a horse, a lion, and your mother. What is a heterotroph? Green plants, some protists, and some bacteria. What are the producers in an ecosystem? Carnivores Lion eat meat. This makes them ________. Primary consumers (herbivores) Cows eat grass. This makes them ________. Omnivores Human eat plants and animals. This makes them _______. Water, carbon dioxide, and light What do plants take in as part of photosynthesis? Oxygen and water What do plants give off as part of photosynthesis? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids What are the four macromolecules? Carbohydrates Which macromolecule includes sugar, pasta, and potatoes? Lipids Which macromolecule includes fats, oils, and waxes? Nucleic acids Which macromolecule includes DNA and RNA? Proteins Which macromolecule includes muscles, meat, and beans? ATP What is the main product of cell respiration that is used as the main energy source of all cells? Heat When moving up the energy pyramid, some energy is lost as _______. G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis What is the correct order of the cell cycle? 0-6.9 What is the range of pH for acids? 7.1-14 What is the range of pH for bases? Secondary succession After a forest fire, what type of ecological succession with slowly restore it back to its original state? It is not made of cells Fire could be considered alive because it appears to grow, reproduce, consume energy, make waste, and die. Why is it not alive? Biology The study of life. It is due to the "burning" of glucose inside all cells. Why do you have a body temperature of 98.6 degrees? By increasing the use of fertilizers and detergents. How are humans disrupting the phosphorus cycle? Vacuoles Which organelle stores water in plants and also helps to maintain the overall shape of the cell? Light, water, soil, oxygen, space, competition What are some limiting factors that keep a population from growing indefinitely? 2 How many electrons can the first energy level hold? 8 How many electrons can the second energy level hold? Cell membrane What controls which substances may enter and leave the cell? Observation, question, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion What are the steps of the scientific method? Testable and repeatable In order for a claim to be scientifically valid, it must be ____. Pseudosciences Witchcraft, magic, horoscopes, UFOs, and ghosts are examples of _______. Fermentation Which process makes lactic acid in humans? atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere What is the organization of life from simplest to the most complex? Carbon and hydrogen What two elements are found in organic molecules? Glucose The end product of photosynthesis is the beginning substance of cell respiration. What is this product? Cancer What condition may occur if cells go through uncontrolled mitosis? CHONPS What chemical elements are found in almost all living things? When light shines on a green plant. When does the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis begin? It releases excess carbon into the atmosphere. What effect does deforestation have on the carbon cycle? Glucose and PGAL What is the final products of the light-independent reactions? Cold Desert What biome do we live in (Monroe, Utah)? Be eating plants and animals How do humans and animals obtain nitrogen? When oxygen is present When is the most ATP made during cellular respiration? Because they are outside the scope of science, are untestable, and they produce results that cannot be repeated? Why are things like water witching, horoscopes, UFOlogy, big foot, palm reading, ouija boards, tarot cards, magic crystals, and ghosts called pseudosciences? False True or False. Plants make glucose, but they do not undergo cellular respiration like animal cells do. Tropical rainforest Which land biome is the most productive? 1. Cells make cells. 2. Cells are the most basic form of life. 3. All living things are made of cells. What are the three parts of the cell theory? placebo effect When someone incorrectly believes he or she is receiving a real treatment and reports an improvement in his or her condition, it is called the keystone species A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem