Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis Review 2022

Aerobic Respiration Requires oxygen, makes up to 36 ATP Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) Doesn't require oxygen, makes 2 ATP 00:02 01:17 Waste products of cell respiration Water, carbon dioxide Fermentation Result of anaerobic respiration, 2 ATP Lactic Acid fermentation Product of animal cells during anaerobic respiration, causes muscle cramps, tiredness and possible pain Alcoholic fermentation product of yeast and some bacteria during anaerobic respiration, found in beer and wine Reactants of Aerobic Cell Respiration OR Products of Photosynthesis 1 Glucose (C6H12O6) and 6 oxygen (O2) Products of Cell Respiration OR Reactants of Cellular Respiration 6 Water (H2O) and 6 carbon dioxide (CO2) and ATP Cell Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 --- 6H20 + 6CO2 + ATP Mitochondria Organelle responsible for cell respiration Carbon Dioxide Gas in the atmosphere, needed by plants, reactant in photosynthesis Chemical Energy Energy created from a chemical reaction, energy stored in the bonds that hold atoms together in molecules Chlorophyll Green pigment in plants and absorbs light energy from the sun Chloroplast Small green body in a plant cell, site where photosynthesis occurs Glucose Type of sugar produced by plants during photosynthesis The Sun The source of almost all energy on the Earth Oxygen Gas in the atmosphere, a waste product of photosynthesis Photosynthesis The process in which a plant cell uses the energy of sunlight to make food Light independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle) The light-independent (Calvin Cycle) reaction of Photosynthesis. Powered by ATP. Produces glucose ATP Energy molecule used to power cell activities ATP and NADPH Two products made in the light reactions of PS I and PS II. Carbon dioxide, water, light Reactants of photosynthesis Reactants of Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide, Water and Light Energy Products of Photosynthesis Glucose and Oxygen Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy ------ C6H12O6 + 6O2 + Light Cellular Respiration Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen Autotroph Synonym for producer, organisms that make their own food using light energy. The Sun Main source of energy for life on Earth Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain Steps of cellular respiration when oxygen is present 2 ATP number of ATP molecules produced in fermentation 36 ATP total number of ATP molecules that may be produced in aerobic respiration photosynthesis occurs in plants, some protists, and some bacteria grana stacks of disks in stroma of chloroplasts stroma fluid between double membrane of chloroplasts where the light independent reaction occurs thylakoid each individual disk that makes up the grana in a chloroplast chlorophyll contained in the thylakoid disk which traps light energy mitochondria once glucose is produced, the glucose leaves the chloroplast and goes here light dependent reaction the first stage of photosynthesis Light independent reaction (Calvin cycle) the second stage of photosynthesis aerobic requires oxygen anaerobic does not require oxygen cellular respiration converts chemical energy (glucose) into usable energy (ATP) in the mitochondria ATP the main "currency" of energy in the cell Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) second stage of aerobic respiration glycolysis and fermentation two examples of anaerobic metabolic processes glycolysis stage of cell respiration that does not occur in the mitochondria, but in the cytoplasm Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) and electron transport chain stages of cell respiration that are aerobic (with oxygen) electron transport chain stage of cell respiration that produces up to 34 ATP C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----- 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP chemical equation for cellular respiration Pyruvate Product of Glycolysis alcoholic fermentation anaerobic process that produces ethanol lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid in mammals during rapid exercise; may make muscles burn, low energy NAD+ electron acceptor in cell respiration (low energy version of NADH) NADP+ electron acceptor in photosynthesis (low energy version of NADPH) False. Plants can grow any white light. True or False. Plants can only grow in actual sunlight, not in fluorescent or LED lighting. RuBP + CO2 Which two molecules are involved in Carbon fixation? PGAL (G3P) Two of these are connected together in photosynthesis to make Glucose. Carotenoids Pigments in plants that are orange in color. Red and Blue What two colors do plants use in photosynthesis? Ingestion or absorption How must heterotrophic organisms get their glucose? Soy sauce, cheese, chocolate, sourdough bread, sauerkraut, yogurt, buttermilk, vinegar. Foods made through the process of fermentation. Insulin Molecule that carries glucose into cells.