1. Most common cause of death in surgical patients =*Shock*
2. Due to shock, Anaerobicrespiration produces *Lactic acid*
3. In elective surgery, warfine stops before *5 days*
4. Shock leads to *Metabolic acidosis*
5. What happens to GFR during shock? = *Decreases*
6. Most common form of shock = *Hypovolemic*
7. Most common cause of hypovolemic shock =*Hemorrhage*
8. If a patient cam with class III shock, which fluid would u give to the patient? = *Crystalloid+ blood*
9. Flask ulcer found in = *Amoebiasis*
10. Most common cause of cardiogenic shock = *MI*
11. In which type of shock, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure found to be increased? = *Cardiogenic*
12. Increased MVO² and decreased peripheral vascular resistance are found in which type of shock? =
*Septic*
13. Most common thyroid tumor = *Papillary*
14. Which one of the following is the only type of shock in which cardiac output is found to be
increased? = *Distributive*
15. Earliest symptom of shock? = *Tachycardia*
16. Bounding pulse is found in? = *Septic shock*
17. First-line therapy of shock? = *IV access and IV fluids*
18. Ideal catheters for vascular access in patients of shock? = *Short, wide bore catheter*
19. Loefflerʼs syndrome is seen in = *Ascariasis*
20. Which law is applied in the treatment of shock? = *Poiseuille's law*
21. Homanʼs sign seen in = *DVT*
22. Most appropriate catheter for monitoring the patients of shock? = *Long narrow needles*
23. Oxygen carrying capacity of crystalloid & colloid is? = Zero
24. In which condition with shock, we can give dextrose to the patient = *Diabetes inspidus*
25. Blue dot found in = *Torsion of testicular appendage*
26. If a patient respond to the treatment but revert to his previous state over 10-20 mins. Which
category would u suggest? = *Transient responder*
27. How much fluid is required in bolus to determine the shock status? = *250-500ml*
28. Vasopressor support is required in which type of shock? = *Distributive shock*
29. Net effect of PTH = *decrease serum phosphate & increase serum calcium*
30. Ionotropic support is required in which type of shock? = *Cardiogenic*
31. Drug of choice from ionotropic agents in the treatment of shock? = *Dobutamine*
32. Best monitor to check the adequate treatment of shock? = *Urine output*
33. Adequate urine output in adults = *0.5 ml/kg/hr*
34. Which one of the following is the sensitive tool for both the diagnosis of shock and monitoring of
response to therapy? = *Lactic acid & base deficit*
35. A threshold of the base deficit is associated with high mortality and morbidity? = *More than
6mmol/l*
36. If a patient suffers with bleeding within 24 hours after surgery? = *Reactionary bleeding*
37. FLORID THYROID FAILURE = *Depressed T3 & T4, Markedly raised TSH*
38. If a patient suffers from bleeding after 8 days of injury? = *Secondary bleeding*
39. Acidosis, coagulopathy, and hypothermia are collectively termed? = *Lethal triad*
40. Lethal triad can be exacerbated by? = *Excessive fluid administration*
41. Fresh frozen plasma can be stored with a shelf life = *of 2 years*
42. Cryoprecipitate is rich in = *Factor VIII & fibrinogen*
, 43. Platelets have a shelf life of = *5 days*
44. Prothrombin complex concentrates are rich in = *Factor II, VII, IX, X*
45. Transfusion will benefit the patient, if his/her hemoglobin level is below = *6 g/dl*
46. If a patient came to ER with uncontrolled hemorrhage and was taking warfarin, what would be the
best reversal therapy?= Prothrombin complex concentrate
47. Which type of hernia is seen in infantile hypothyroidism = *umbilical hernia*
48. In which phase of wound healing, does angiogenesis occurs? = *Proliferative phase*
49. Compartment syndrome occurs when the intra compartmental pressure rises up to = *30 mmHg*
50. A wound with substantial tissue loss and the edges of the wound cannot be opposed without
excessive tension, Healing occurs in this case by = *Secondary intention*
51. Compartment syndrome most commonly occurs in = *Lower limb*
52. Fasciotomy is contraindicated in = *Crush injuries*
53. Most useful clinical sign of adult hypothyroidism = *Delayed relaxation phase of ankle jerk*
54. Most common site of pressure sores = *Ischium*
55. Inguinal hernial repair is a *Clean wound*
56. Elective cholecystectomy is a *Clean- contaminated wound*
57. Laparotomy is a *Dirty wound*
58. Emergency appendectomy is a *Contaminated wound*
59. Cessation of Smoking should be encouraged before *30 days* of surgery
60. If a patient is malnourished, nutritional support should be given *7-14 days* before surgery
61. If a patient is undergoing major intraabdominal surgery, bowel preparation in case of a
contaminated case will reduce infection rate up to *25%*
62. If a patient is undergoing major intraabdominal surgery, bowel preparation in case of a clean-
contaminated case will reduce infection rate up to *5%*
63. Before surgery, hair is best removed by clipping *Immediately before surgery*
64. What should be avoided perioperatively during recovery? = *Hypothermia & supplemental oxygen
delivery*
65. Cause of pseudomonas colitis = *Clostridium Defficile*
66. Which type of esophageal atresia is common in children = *Esophageal atresia with distal TEF*
67. At what time Prophylactic antibiotics should be given before surgery? = *30 minutes before*
68. How many shots of IV antibiotics are required to achieve prophylaxis at induction of anesthesia? =
*Single-shot*
69. Antiplatelets should be stopped *7-14 days* before surgery
70. Antibiotic prophylaxis regime to be given in orthopedic surgery = *One dose of augmentin*
71. In biers block which drug is given? = *Prilocaine*
72. If a patient came with a superficial surgical site infection, the first step would be *Removal of skin
sutures*
73. Which organism is associated with Chronic abscess, sinus, and fistula formation? = *Mycobacterium*
74. Albumin half-life is *20 days*
75. Complete elimination of the organisms in a chronic abscess without drainage can lead to a sterile
abscess called *Anti bioma*
76. Most common causative agent of cellulitis = *Beta hemolytic strep*
77. Lymphangitis present as = *Painful red streaks in affected lymphatic*
78. Most common cause of arterial occlusion disease is =*Atherosclerosis*
79. Fobtaine grade of ischemia used for *arterial occlusion disease*
80. Intermittent claudication mostly occurs in the *calf*
81. Most common causative agent of gas gangrene= *C. Perfringens*
82. Most important exotoxin released by clostridium perfringens = *Alpha toxin*
2. Due to shock, Anaerobicrespiration produces *Lactic acid*
3. In elective surgery, warfine stops before *5 days*
4. Shock leads to *Metabolic acidosis*
5. What happens to GFR during shock? = *Decreases*
6. Most common form of shock = *Hypovolemic*
7. Most common cause of hypovolemic shock =*Hemorrhage*
8. If a patient cam with class III shock, which fluid would u give to the patient? = *Crystalloid+ blood*
9. Flask ulcer found in = *Amoebiasis*
10. Most common cause of cardiogenic shock = *MI*
11. In which type of shock, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure found to be increased? = *Cardiogenic*
12. Increased MVO² and decreased peripheral vascular resistance are found in which type of shock? =
*Septic*
13. Most common thyroid tumor = *Papillary*
14. Which one of the following is the only type of shock in which cardiac output is found to be
increased? = *Distributive*
15. Earliest symptom of shock? = *Tachycardia*
16. Bounding pulse is found in? = *Septic shock*
17. First-line therapy of shock? = *IV access and IV fluids*
18. Ideal catheters for vascular access in patients of shock? = *Short, wide bore catheter*
19. Loefflerʼs syndrome is seen in = *Ascariasis*
20. Which law is applied in the treatment of shock? = *Poiseuille's law*
21. Homanʼs sign seen in = *DVT*
22. Most appropriate catheter for monitoring the patients of shock? = *Long narrow needles*
23. Oxygen carrying capacity of crystalloid & colloid is? = Zero
24. In which condition with shock, we can give dextrose to the patient = *Diabetes inspidus*
25. Blue dot found in = *Torsion of testicular appendage*
26. If a patient respond to the treatment but revert to his previous state over 10-20 mins. Which
category would u suggest? = *Transient responder*
27. How much fluid is required in bolus to determine the shock status? = *250-500ml*
28. Vasopressor support is required in which type of shock? = *Distributive shock*
29. Net effect of PTH = *decrease serum phosphate & increase serum calcium*
30. Ionotropic support is required in which type of shock? = *Cardiogenic*
31. Drug of choice from ionotropic agents in the treatment of shock? = *Dobutamine*
32. Best monitor to check the adequate treatment of shock? = *Urine output*
33. Adequate urine output in adults = *0.5 ml/kg/hr*
34. Which one of the following is the sensitive tool for both the diagnosis of shock and monitoring of
response to therapy? = *Lactic acid & base deficit*
35. A threshold of the base deficit is associated with high mortality and morbidity? = *More than
6mmol/l*
36. If a patient suffers with bleeding within 24 hours after surgery? = *Reactionary bleeding*
37. FLORID THYROID FAILURE = *Depressed T3 & T4, Markedly raised TSH*
38. If a patient suffers from bleeding after 8 days of injury? = *Secondary bleeding*
39. Acidosis, coagulopathy, and hypothermia are collectively termed? = *Lethal triad*
40. Lethal triad can be exacerbated by? = *Excessive fluid administration*
41. Fresh frozen plasma can be stored with a shelf life = *of 2 years*
42. Cryoprecipitate is rich in = *Factor VIII & fibrinogen*
, 43. Platelets have a shelf life of = *5 days*
44. Prothrombin complex concentrates are rich in = *Factor II, VII, IX, X*
45. Transfusion will benefit the patient, if his/her hemoglobin level is below = *6 g/dl*
46. If a patient came to ER with uncontrolled hemorrhage and was taking warfarin, what would be the
best reversal therapy?= Prothrombin complex concentrate
47. Which type of hernia is seen in infantile hypothyroidism = *umbilical hernia*
48. In which phase of wound healing, does angiogenesis occurs? = *Proliferative phase*
49. Compartment syndrome occurs when the intra compartmental pressure rises up to = *30 mmHg*
50. A wound with substantial tissue loss and the edges of the wound cannot be opposed without
excessive tension, Healing occurs in this case by = *Secondary intention*
51. Compartment syndrome most commonly occurs in = *Lower limb*
52. Fasciotomy is contraindicated in = *Crush injuries*
53. Most useful clinical sign of adult hypothyroidism = *Delayed relaxation phase of ankle jerk*
54. Most common site of pressure sores = *Ischium*
55. Inguinal hernial repair is a *Clean wound*
56. Elective cholecystectomy is a *Clean- contaminated wound*
57. Laparotomy is a *Dirty wound*
58. Emergency appendectomy is a *Contaminated wound*
59. Cessation of Smoking should be encouraged before *30 days* of surgery
60. If a patient is malnourished, nutritional support should be given *7-14 days* before surgery
61. If a patient is undergoing major intraabdominal surgery, bowel preparation in case of a
contaminated case will reduce infection rate up to *25%*
62. If a patient is undergoing major intraabdominal surgery, bowel preparation in case of a clean-
contaminated case will reduce infection rate up to *5%*
63. Before surgery, hair is best removed by clipping *Immediately before surgery*
64. What should be avoided perioperatively during recovery? = *Hypothermia & supplemental oxygen
delivery*
65. Cause of pseudomonas colitis = *Clostridium Defficile*
66. Which type of esophageal atresia is common in children = *Esophageal atresia with distal TEF*
67. At what time Prophylactic antibiotics should be given before surgery? = *30 minutes before*
68. How many shots of IV antibiotics are required to achieve prophylaxis at induction of anesthesia? =
*Single-shot*
69. Antiplatelets should be stopped *7-14 days* before surgery
70. Antibiotic prophylaxis regime to be given in orthopedic surgery = *One dose of augmentin*
71. In biers block which drug is given? = *Prilocaine*
72. If a patient came with a superficial surgical site infection, the first step would be *Removal of skin
sutures*
73. Which organism is associated with Chronic abscess, sinus, and fistula formation? = *Mycobacterium*
74. Albumin half-life is *20 days*
75. Complete elimination of the organisms in a chronic abscess without drainage can lead to a sterile
abscess called *Anti bioma*
76. Most common causative agent of cellulitis = *Beta hemolytic strep*
77. Lymphangitis present as = *Painful red streaks in affected lymphatic*
78. Most common cause of arterial occlusion disease is =*Atherosclerosis*
79. Fobtaine grade of ischemia used for *arterial occlusion disease*
80. Intermittent claudication mostly occurs in the *calf*
81. Most common causative agent of gas gangrene= *C. Perfringens*
82. Most important exotoxin released by clostridium perfringens = *Alpha toxin*
