PSY 3213 Final Exam Review

PSY 3213 Final Exam Review 3 characteristics of scientists Correct Answer: Skeptics, Empiricists, and trained All scientific questions must be Correct Answer: answerable 3 characteristics of a good theory are Correct Answer: 1) supported by data 2)falsifiable (predict specific measurement) 3) parsimony (simple) Research articles format: Correct Answer: 1) Abstract 2) Intro 3) Method 4) Results 5)Discussion 6) Reference Dependent variable Correct Answer: whats being measured Independent Variable Correct Answer: Manipulated operational definition Correct Answer: set of procedures used to measure a variable frequencey claims Correct Answer: rate of a single variable, NEVER describes a relationship association claims Correct Answer: 2 variables can be used to predict each other, covary, correlation, related casual claims Correct Answer: one variable causes change in another valid, covariance, temporal precedence, alternative explanations 3rd variable probelm Correct Answer: something else has an effect on other 2 variables that have no casual relationship ....Rule out with experimental method 4 types of validity Correct Answer: Construct Validity Internal Validity External Validity Statistical Validity Construct Validity Correct Answer: Measures what we think were measuring Internal Validity Correct Answer: No confounding variables External Validity Correct Answer: findings tell us something about the world beyond the experiment Statistical Validity Correct Answer: data is analyzed correctly, statistically significant APA Code of Ethics: (5 of them) Correct Answer: 1) Beneficence and non-maleficience, minimize harm, max benefits 2)Fidelity and responsibility, testing leadership 3)Integrity: plagiarism 4) Justice- not drawn from vulnerable populations 5) Respect for peoples insight and dignity -informed consent, privacy, respect Informed Consent Correct Answer: Ok to observe in public places, need to know duration, purpose, procedures, benefits, and contact info. Needed: educational , questionaires, naturalistic enviornment or job debriefing Correct Answer: say the steps, then reveal any deception research fruad Correct Answer: this happens because of personal recognition, funding, "publish or perish" reliability Correct Answer: measure same thing many times and ge tthe same answer split half reliability Correct Answer: split 2 groups set average and compare Test- retest reliability Correct Answer: participants take test 2 times and get similar score internal consistency reliability Correct Answer: both items measure something and should be answered similarly force validity Correct Answer: When you force the answers to be valid or correct by changing something being measured Content Validity Correct Answer: subjective construct contain Criterion Validity Correct Answer: ability to predict behavior conversent Validity Correct Answer: measured test already with a new test and has similar results discriminant validity Correct Answer: should be discriminate from other measures reactive measures Correct Answer: alters variables, photo flash, knowing someone is the scientist and might act different inter-rater reliability Correct Answer: decide what your measuring and what the actual outcome is nominal scale Correct Answer: categorical ratio Correct Answer: 0 meaningful interval Correct Answer: meaning anything you want ordinal Correct Answer: has an order goal when sampling Correct Answer: generalizing the population so results can be used by everyone response set Correct Answer: tendency to respond the same way SRS, random sample selection Correct Answer: random sample from the whole population list stratified sample Correct Answer: meets % of dempgraphics random cluster sampling Correct Answer: random sample chunks multistage sampling Correct Answer: cluster but make more stages of clustering purposive sampling Correct Answer: non random and you choose people that you want out of a population quota sampling Correct Answer: non random, sub populations of interset nad you seek people out connivence sampling Correct Answer: the easiest people near you significant relationship Correct Answer: p .05 alpha Correct Answer: .05 3 prereqs for inferring causality Correct Answer: covariance temporal precedence internal validity