NR 222 EXAM 1 2022/2023 Questions and Answers

NURSING ASSESSMENT - ANSWER 1. Assess 2. Diagnose 3. Plan 4. Implement 5. Evaluate CRITICAL THINKING AND THE NURSING ASSESSMENT - ANSWER - Gather as much information as possible. The collection, review, and analysis of data make up the process of assessment - 2 Stages: 1. Collection of information from a primary source or secondary source 2. The interpretation and validation of data determine whether more data is needed or if data is complete (3) TYPES OF ASSESSMENT - ANSWER 1. Patient- centered interview (conducted during nursing history) 2. Periodic Assessments (conducted during ongoing contact with patients) 3. Physical Examination (conducted during a nursing history and at any time a patient presents a symptom) ASSESSMENT DATA SOURCES - ANSWER - Patient - Family caregivers and significant others - Health care team - Medical records - Other records and scientific literature - Nurse's experience NURSE- PATIENT RELATIONSHIP IN ASSESSMENT - ANSWER EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION - Trust building - Being present - Rounding THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS - ANSWER 1. Data collection 2. Interpretation 3. Validation IMPLEMENTATION/ INTERVENTION - ANSWER - the act of giving something to a patient DIFFERENT KINDS OF NURSES - ANSWER - APRN (advanced practice registered nurse) - CNS ( and APRN in a specified area) - NP ( APRN that works in community health) - CNM (certified nurse midwife) - Nurse educator - Nurse administrator - Nurse Researcher QSEN COMPETENCIES (6) - ANSWER 1. Patient- centered care 2. TEAMWORK AND COLLABORATION 3. Evidence- Based Practice 4. Quality Improvement 5. Safety 6. Informatics RN LICENSE NCLEX EXAM - ANSWER - NCLEX tests on the minimal standard of nursing knowledge NURSING CODE OF ETHICS - ANSWER provide a specified service for patient care IN SERVICE EDUATION - ANSWER education from employer TEACHING A PATIENT - ANSWER Nurse's act as an educator KNOWLEDGE/ SKILLS AS A NURSE - ANSWER Required to know: - autonomy - patient advocacy - provide health promotion HEALTH REFORM - ANSWER = health care promotion/ disease prevention NEAR MISS - ANSWER - ways to prevent a near miss through nursing work groups PAY FOR PERFORMANCE - ANSWER - less fall rate = increase in pay - quality performance PLAN DO STUDY ACT - ANSWER - model for quality performance - An experiential learning method that involves analyzing a quality problem and testing a change by developing a plan to test the change (Plan), carrying out the test (Do), observing and learning from the consequences (Study), and determining which modifications should be made to the test (Act). * PRIMARY CARE ACTIVITIES * - ANSWER ANSW - prenatal - assessment - teaching a class about immunizations RAPID IMPROVEMENT EVENT - ANSWER A group of staff nurses notice an increased incidence of medication errors on their unit. After further investigation it is determined that the nurses are not consistently identifying the patient correctly. A change is needed quickly. PPO ( PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATION) - ANSWER A type of health plan that contracts with medical providers, such as hospitals and doctors, to create a network of participating providers. You pay less if you use providers that belong to the plan's network. * NURSING SENSITIVE INDICATOR* - ANSWER ANSW: - use of physical restraint - pain - assessment - RN education/ certification MAGNET STATUS - ANSWER Award given by the American Nurses' Credentialing Center to hospitals that satisfy a set of criteria designed to measure their strength and quality of nursing. PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT - ANSWER - 26 yr olds on patient's insurance ( does NOT have to be a full time college student) MAINTAINING COMPETENCY IN NURSING PRACTICE - ANSWER - recertifications PRIMARY PREVENTION - ANSWER Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring. SECONDARY PREVENTION - ANSWER Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent. TERTIARY PREVENTION - ANSWER actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages HOLISTIC/ MEDICATION CARE - ANSWER It refers to the provision of care to patients that are based on a mutual understanding of their physical, psychological, emotional, and spiritual dimensions. STAGES OF BEHAVIORAL CHANGES - ANSWER - promote health care to prevent disease 1. precontemplation 2. contemplation 3. preparation 4. action SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE - ANSWER is physiological not genetic TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL OF CHANGE - ANSWER 1. Precontemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Preparation 4. Action STAGES OF CHANGE - ANSWER - is the patient letting you know *VARIABLES TO HEALTH CARE* - ANSWER - finance - not routinely seeing a doctor * NURSE BURNOUT * - ANSWER - think of depression - lack of interest - difficulty sleeping PRIMARY PREVENTION - ANSWER - a nurse engaging in burnout TERTIARY PREVENTION - ANSWER - physical rehab PATIENT LEVEL OF FUNCTION - ANSWER - lets the nurse know through observation PATIENT CENTERED INTERVIEW - ANSWER working phase: gathering information CLINICAL INTERFERENCE - ANSWER a critical thinking skill in which you make tentative conclusions based on observed data or cues existing in patient situations GORDON - ANSWER - functional self patterns - self- perception ASK OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS - ANSWER APPROPRIATE RESPONSES - ANSWER -reassure that you want to help -inform them that other people may be involve to help them HEALTH MANAGEMENT PATTERNS - ANSWER - preventative health PATIENT- CENTERED INTERVIEW - ANSWER relationship based and is an organized conversation focused on learning about the well and the sick as they seek care 4 C's - courtesy - comfort - connection - conformation CULTURAL COMPETENCE - ANSWER Involves self-awareness, reflective practice, and knowledge of a patient's core cultural background PROBLEM ORIENTED APPROACH - ANSWER approach for conducting a comprehensive assessment where you focus on the patient's presenting situation and being with problematic areas such as incisional pain or limited understanding of postoperative recovery RESOLUTIONS OF ETHICAL DILEMMAS - ANSWER - FULL discussion FIDELITY: CODE OF ETHICS - ANSWER Refers to faithfulness or the agreement to keep promises. As a nurse you have a duty to be faithful to the patients you care for, to the institution you work for, and to yourself. ADVOCACY: CODE OF ETHICS - ANSWER Advocacy refers to the application of one's skills and knowledge for the benefit of another person. Your special relationship with patients provides you with knowledge that is specific to your role as a registered nurse and as such with the opportunity to make a unique contribution to understanding a patient's point of view. BENEFICIENTS - ANSWER - implies the best of interest for a patient ETHICAL DILEMMA - ANSWER -Ethical dilemmas almost always occur in the presence of conflicting values. -To resolve ethical dilemmas, one needs to distinguish among values, facts, and opinion. AUTONOMY - ANSWER Autonomy refers to freedom from external control. In health care the concept applies to respect for the autonomy of patients. It can also apply to institutional respect for the autonomy of health care professionals. A commitment to respect the autonomy of others is a fundamental principle of ethical practice. JUSTICE - ANSWER Justice refers to fairness and the distribution of resources . The term is most often used in discussions about access to health care, including the just distribution of scarce services and resources. Discussions about health insurance, hospital locations and services, and organ transplants generally are among the issues that cite the concept of justice. ACCOUNTABILITY - ANSWER Accountability refers to answering for your own actions. You ensure that your professional actions are explainable to your patients and your employer. * UTILITARIANISM * - ANSWER - in diverse communities it can be hard to find a definition of usefulness * STEPS TO RESOLVE AN ETHICAL DILEMMA * - ANSWER 1. Ask self if this is a ethical dilemma 2. Gather information relative to the case 3. Clarify values 4. Name the problem 5. Identify the course of action 6. Negotiate a plan 7. Evaluate the plan