PASS THE CCRN - CARDIOLOGY & HEMODYNAMICS
LATEST QUIZ
S3: Ventricular gallop Correct Answers: Auscultated in fluid overload; when preload is elevated.
Listen over apex area
Sound is caused by a rapid rush of blood into a dilated overfilled ventricle
Other causes of S3: Correct Answers: Cardiomyopathy
VSD
Mitral or Tricuspid regurgitation
S4: Atrial gallop Correct Answers: Sound caused by vibration of atria ejecting into non compliant
ventricles
Listen over tricuspid or mitral area
S4 causes: Correct Answers: Ischemia
HTN
Pulmonary stenosis
CAD
Aortic stenosis
Left ventricular hypertrophy
ACS: Correct Answers: Progressive atherosclerosis with plaque rupture causing blood clot formation
leading to an imbalance of 02 supply & demand
In ACS, there is an imbalance of oxygen supply and demand? T/F Correct Answers: True
O2 supply: Correct Answers: Coronary arteries
Diastolic filling time
Cardiac output
SaO2
02 Demand: Correct Answers: Heart rate
Contractility
Preload
After load
Cardiac Biomarkers: Correct Answers: Troponin I most sensitive & specific
, Elevated in 3-6 hours
Peaks in 14-20 hours
Returns to normal 1-2 wks
CPK,CK-MB & myoglobin may also be elevated (no longer recommended to routinely check)
Unstable Angina & Non-ST Elevation MI Correct Answers: OLD CART
Onset
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Associated s&s
Relieving factors
Treatment
Angina: Stable Correct Answers: Exertion; pain goes away when exertion stops
Angina: Unstable Correct Answers: Increasing frequency, time, duration 10-20% have a MI
Angina: Prinzmetal's Correct Answers: Sudden pain caused from coronary vasospasm
Occurs at rest or when sleeping
Get 12 lead ECG with or without pain
Treat with nitro, ccb to relieve spasm
NSTEMI: Correct Answers: Partial occlusion of coronary artery
Pain symptoms may occur at rest & last > 20mins
Hallmark sign - pain with > frequency or pressure
12 lead ECG: ST depression or T wave inversion
Treatment for NSTEMI: Correct Answers: PCI; early PCI if high risk
STEMI: Correct Answers: Complete occlusion of coronary artery
Emergency!
12 ECG: ST elevation (infarction)
Hallmark signs - chest pain or pressure > 20 min, SOB, diaphoresis
Tx for STEMI: Correct Answers: Immediate reperfusion
LATEST QUIZ
S3: Ventricular gallop Correct Answers: Auscultated in fluid overload; when preload is elevated.
Listen over apex area
Sound is caused by a rapid rush of blood into a dilated overfilled ventricle
Other causes of S3: Correct Answers: Cardiomyopathy
VSD
Mitral or Tricuspid regurgitation
S4: Atrial gallop Correct Answers: Sound caused by vibration of atria ejecting into non compliant
ventricles
Listen over tricuspid or mitral area
S4 causes: Correct Answers: Ischemia
HTN
Pulmonary stenosis
CAD
Aortic stenosis
Left ventricular hypertrophy
ACS: Correct Answers: Progressive atherosclerosis with plaque rupture causing blood clot formation
leading to an imbalance of 02 supply & demand
In ACS, there is an imbalance of oxygen supply and demand? T/F Correct Answers: True
O2 supply: Correct Answers: Coronary arteries
Diastolic filling time
Cardiac output
SaO2
02 Demand: Correct Answers: Heart rate
Contractility
Preload
After load
Cardiac Biomarkers: Correct Answers: Troponin I most sensitive & specific
, Elevated in 3-6 hours
Peaks in 14-20 hours
Returns to normal 1-2 wks
CPK,CK-MB & myoglobin may also be elevated (no longer recommended to routinely check)
Unstable Angina & Non-ST Elevation MI Correct Answers: OLD CART
Onset
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Associated s&s
Relieving factors
Treatment
Angina: Stable Correct Answers: Exertion; pain goes away when exertion stops
Angina: Unstable Correct Answers: Increasing frequency, time, duration 10-20% have a MI
Angina: Prinzmetal's Correct Answers: Sudden pain caused from coronary vasospasm
Occurs at rest or when sleeping
Get 12 lead ECG with or without pain
Treat with nitro, ccb to relieve spasm
NSTEMI: Correct Answers: Partial occlusion of coronary artery
Pain symptoms may occur at rest & last > 20mins
Hallmark sign - pain with > frequency or pressure
12 lead ECG: ST depression or T wave inversion
Treatment for NSTEMI: Correct Answers: PCI; early PCI if high risk
STEMI: Correct Answers: Complete occlusion of coronary artery
Emergency!
12 ECG: ST elevation (infarction)
Hallmark signs - chest pain or pressure > 20 min, SOB, diaphoresis
Tx for STEMI: Correct Answers: Immediate reperfusion
