NURS 231 Pathophysiology All Module Exams
Questions and Answers- Portage Learning
A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia. Correct Answer: False
Barrett esophagus
is an example of dysplasia Correct Answer: false
hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of cells
Correct Answer: True
Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy Correct Answer: True
proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease Correct Answer: sensitivity
how likely the same result will occur if repeated Correct Answer: reliability
how a tool measures what it is intended to measure Correct Answer: validity
people without the disease who are negative on a given test Correct Answer: specificity
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? Correct Answer: it includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply. Correct Answer: 1: Proteins carry out
the functions of the cell membrane
2:Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. Correct Answer: 1: Controls the transport of
materials from the outside fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. Correct Answer: 1: They are found far from
the site of energy consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
High blood pressure is an example of which of the following? Correct Answer: pathophysiology
A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What are these examples of? Correct
Answer: signs and symptoms
Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity? Correct Answer: If negative, it can safely be
assumed that the person does not have a disease
,Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the following? Correct Answer: Etiologic
factors
Define tertiary prevention and give an example: Correct Answer: Tertiary prevention occurs after a
disease has been diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to reduce complications or deterioration.
One example is the use of certain medications one must take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk
of a future event or death.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. Correct Answer: In dry gangrene the
affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or black.
The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of
coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist,
black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by
bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis. Correct Answer:
necrosis is cell death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living person. An example of this
would be luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the cells die and the catalytic enzymes do not get
destroyed after the cells death. This could cause necrosis
sunburn Correct Answer: radiation injury
obesity Correct Answer: nutritional imbalances
reactive oxygen species Correct Answer: free radical injury
low oxygen to tissues Correct Answer: hypoxic cell injury
fractures Correct Answer: physical agents
OTC drugs Correct Answer: Chemical injury
hypothermia Correct Answer: physical agents
radiation treatment Correct Answer: radiation injury
lead toxicity Correct Answer: chemical injury
bacteria Correct Answer: biologic agents
List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description and example of each. Correct
Answer: Epithelial tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is avascular and gets its o2 from the
capillaries found in the neighboring connective tissues, and example of this is simple squamous tissue
which means one layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue- is found all throughout the body, helps with communication between tissues and the
central nervous system. it aids in the functions of the body due to internal and external stimuli, helps
, with movement, and electrical signaling. neurons are an example of this, they aid in communicating to
other cells in the body, they are held and supported by glial cells.
Connective tissue
What term means "cell eating" and engulfs and then kills microorganisms or other particulate matter?
Correct Answer: Phagocytosis
What is the term to describe when cells use energy to move ions against an electrical or chemical
gradient? Correct Answer: Active transport
Give one function of a membrane potential: Correct Answer: Generate nerve impulse, muscle
contractions, or cause hormone secretion
What is the term that best describes the following process?
A transport protein aiding a lipid insoluble or large molecule across the cell membrane that would
otherwise not be able to pass through on its own. Correct Answer: facilitated diffusion
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not? Correct Answer: False,
only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to therapy or reoccurrence.
Tissue biopsy is of critical importance in what role? Correct Answer: Diagnosing the correct cancer and
histology.
Explain the TNM system: Correct Answer: T is the size and local spread of the primary tumor.
N is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement.
List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer diagnosis: Correct
Answer: fatigue, anemia
What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients? Correct Answer: Weight
loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and anemia, fatigue, sleep disturbances
When would surgery be appropriate in the treatment of cancer? Correct Answer: if it is a solid tumor
and has clear margins
Most chemotherapeutic drugs cause pancytopenia due to bone marrow suppression. What are the 3
possible adverse outcomes of this? Correct Answer: loss of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, anemia, and
hemolysis
Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types. Correct
Answer: false
Cell differentiation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types.
Correct! Correct Answer: True
What are two important properties that stem cells possess? Correct Answer: Potency and self-renewal
Questions and Answers- Portage Learning
A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia. Correct Answer: False
Barrett esophagus
is an example of dysplasia Correct Answer: false
hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of cells
Correct Answer: True
Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy Correct Answer: True
proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease Correct Answer: sensitivity
how likely the same result will occur if repeated Correct Answer: reliability
how a tool measures what it is intended to measure Correct Answer: validity
people without the disease who are negative on a given test Correct Answer: specificity
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? Correct Answer: it includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply. Correct Answer: 1: Proteins carry out
the functions of the cell membrane
2:Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. Correct Answer: 1: Controls the transport of
materials from the outside fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. Correct Answer: 1: They are found far from
the site of energy consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
High blood pressure is an example of which of the following? Correct Answer: pathophysiology
A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What are these examples of? Correct
Answer: signs and symptoms
Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity? Correct Answer: If negative, it can safely be
assumed that the person does not have a disease
,Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the following? Correct Answer: Etiologic
factors
Define tertiary prevention and give an example: Correct Answer: Tertiary prevention occurs after a
disease has been diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to reduce complications or deterioration.
One example is the use of certain medications one must take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk
of a future event or death.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. Correct Answer: In dry gangrene the
affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or black.
The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of
coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist,
black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by
bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis. Correct Answer:
necrosis is cell death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living person. An example of this
would be luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the cells die and the catalytic enzymes do not get
destroyed after the cells death. This could cause necrosis
sunburn Correct Answer: radiation injury
obesity Correct Answer: nutritional imbalances
reactive oxygen species Correct Answer: free radical injury
low oxygen to tissues Correct Answer: hypoxic cell injury
fractures Correct Answer: physical agents
OTC drugs Correct Answer: Chemical injury
hypothermia Correct Answer: physical agents
radiation treatment Correct Answer: radiation injury
lead toxicity Correct Answer: chemical injury
bacteria Correct Answer: biologic agents
List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description and example of each. Correct
Answer: Epithelial tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is avascular and gets its o2 from the
capillaries found in the neighboring connective tissues, and example of this is simple squamous tissue
which means one layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue- is found all throughout the body, helps with communication between tissues and the
central nervous system. it aids in the functions of the body due to internal and external stimuli, helps
, with movement, and electrical signaling. neurons are an example of this, they aid in communicating to
other cells in the body, they are held and supported by glial cells.
Connective tissue
What term means "cell eating" and engulfs and then kills microorganisms or other particulate matter?
Correct Answer: Phagocytosis
What is the term to describe when cells use energy to move ions against an electrical or chemical
gradient? Correct Answer: Active transport
Give one function of a membrane potential: Correct Answer: Generate nerve impulse, muscle
contractions, or cause hormone secretion
What is the term that best describes the following process?
A transport protein aiding a lipid insoluble or large molecule across the cell membrane that would
otherwise not be able to pass through on its own. Correct Answer: facilitated diffusion
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer. Why or why not? Correct Answer: False,
only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to therapy or reoccurrence.
Tissue biopsy is of critical importance in what role? Correct Answer: Diagnosing the correct cancer and
histology.
Explain the TNM system: Correct Answer: T is the size and local spread of the primary tumor.
N is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement.
List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer diagnosis: Correct
Answer: fatigue, anemia
What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients? Correct Answer: Weight
loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and anemia, fatigue, sleep disturbances
When would surgery be appropriate in the treatment of cancer? Correct Answer: if it is a solid tumor
and has clear margins
Most chemotherapeutic drugs cause pancytopenia due to bone marrow suppression. What are the 3
possible adverse outcomes of this? Correct Answer: loss of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, anemia, and
hemolysis
Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types. Correct
Answer: false
Cell differentiation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types.
Correct! Correct Answer: True
What are two important properties that stem cells possess? Correct Answer: Potency and self-renewal
