STUDY GUIDE
NR 228
Chapter 1
Define health and wellness
Heath is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease and infirmity.
Physical health: The efficiency of the body to function appropriately, to maintain immunity to
disease, and to meet daily energy requirements -
Intellectual health: The use of intellectual abilities to learn and to adapt to changes in one's
environment
Emotional health: The capacity to easily express or suppress emotions appropriately
Social health: The ability to interact with people in an acceptable manner and sustain
relationships with family members, friends, and colleagues
Spiritual health: The cultural beliefs that give purpose to human existence, found through faith
in the teachings of organized religions, in an understanding of nature or science, or in an
acceptance of the humanistic view of life
Environmental health: The external factors that affect our health and well-being, including the
physical context within which one lives and works as affected by determinants of ethnicity,
education, income, and occupation; and extending to the larger environment of safeguarding
natural resources to reduce exposure to preventable hazards.
Wellness is an active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more
successful existence. Wellness is a lifestyle choice – example – you have the choice to be
well or not to be well.
Describe health promotion
o Consist of strategies used to raise the level of health of the individuals, families,
groups and communities. Nurses function on a health promotion model. Physician
function on a sick model. Environment plays a role in health and wellness.
For example:
Knowledge: Learning new information about the benefits or risks of health-related behaviors
Techniques: Applying new knowledge to everyday activities; developing ways to modify current
lifestyles
Community supports: Availability of environmental or regulatory measures to support new
health-promoting behaviors within a social context
The major survey that focuses on nutritional and health status of Americans:
o Is the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) - focuses on
data from the dietary intake, medical history, biochemical evaluation, physical
examinations, and measurements of American population groups. 2 day study to
track and see how we shop and what we eat.
o The dietary intake portion of the NHANES is called What We Eat in America
(WWEIA).
, o Conducted as a collaboration between the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA), USDHHS, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
National Center for Health Statistics.
State the purpose of Healthy People 2020
Healthy people 2020:
Mission
Healthy People 2020 strives to:
• Identify nationwide health-improvement priorities.
• Increase public awareness and understanding of the determinants of health, disease,
and disability and the opportunities for progress.
• Provide measurable objectives and goals that are applicable at the national, state, and
local levels.
• Engage multiple sectors to take actions to strengthen policies and improve practices
that are driven by the best available evidence and knowledge.
• Identify critical research, evaluation, and data-collection needs.
Overarching Goals:
• Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
• Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
• Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
• Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages.
Disease prevention: test
Primary prevention consists of activities to avert the initial development of a disease or
poor health. Example: education - protection against the effects of a disease agent, as with
vaccination. It can also include changes to behaviors such as cigarette smoking or diet.
Secondary prevention involves early detection to halt or reduce the effects of a disease
or illness. Example: screenings - detecting a disease in its earliest stages, before symptoms
appear, and intervening to slow or stop its progression: "catch it early." Other examples - is
the Pap test to screen for cancer of the cervix, or a PSA blood test for prostate cancer; other
instances include teaching people about the early signs of disease that they should watch
for, and what type of treatment to seek. Screening for breast cancers.
Tertiary prevention occurs after a disorder develops.
Example: chemo for cancers have s/e such as N/V, loss of appetite - reduce complication
and disability. Tertiary prevention frequently involves diet therapy. Examples include
eliminating offending allergens from an asthmatic patient's environment and routinely screening for and
managing early renal, eye, and foot problems in a diabetic patient. NOTE: Tertiary prevention manages an
existing disease, with the goal to restore a patient to highest function, minimize the negative consequences
of the disease, and prevent disease-related complications. Maintain and promote better nutritional
standards.
Health Literacy:
NR 228
Chapter 1
Define health and wellness
Heath is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease and infirmity.
Physical health: The efficiency of the body to function appropriately, to maintain immunity to
disease, and to meet daily energy requirements -
Intellectual health: The use of intellectual abilities to learn and to adapt to changes in one's
environment
Emotional health: The capacity to easily express or suppress emotions appropriately
Social health: The ability to interact with people in an acceptable manner and sustain
relationships with family members, friends, and colleagues
Spiritual health: The cultural beliefs that give purpose to human existence, found through faith
in the teachings of organized religions, in an understanding of nature or science, or in an
acceptance of the humanistic view of life
Environmental health: The external factors that affect our health and well-being, including the
physical context within which one lives and works as affected by determinants of ethnicity,
education, income, and occupation; and extending to the larger environment of safeguarding
natural resources to reduce exposure to preventable hazards.
Wellness is an active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more
successful existence. Wellness is a lifestyle choice – example – you have the choice to be
well or not to be well.
Describe health promotion
o Consist of strategies used to raise the level of health of the individuals, families,
groups and communities. Nurses function on a health promotion model. Physician
function on a sick model. Environment plays a role in health and wellness.
For example:
Knowledge: Learning new information about the benefits or risks of health-related behaviors
Techniques: Applying new knowledge to everyday activities; developing ways to modify current
lifestyles
Community supports: Availability of environmental or regulatory measures to support new
health-promoting behaviors within a social context
The major survey that focuses on nutritional and health status of Americans:
o Is the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) - focuses on
data from the dietary intake, medical history, biochemical evaluation, physical
examinations, and measurements of American population groups. 2 day study to
track and see how we shop and what we eat.
o The dietary intake portion of the NHANES is called What We Eat in America
(WWEIA).
, o Conducted as a collaboration between the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA), USDHHS, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
National Center for Health Statistics.
State the purpose of Healthy People 2020
Healthy people 2020:
Mission
Healthy People 2020 strives to:
• Identify nationwide health-improvement priorities.
• Increase public awareness and understanding of the determinants of health, disease,
and disability and the opportunities for progress.
• Provide measurable objectives and goals that are applicable at the national, state, and
local levels.
• Engage multiple sectors to take actions to strengthen policies and improve practices
that are driven by the best available evidence and knowledge.
• Identify critical research, evaluation, and data-collection needs.
Overarching Goals:
• Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
• Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
• Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
• Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages.
Disease prevention: test
Primary prevention consists of activities to avert the initial development of a disease or
poor health. Example: education - protection against the effects of a disease agent, as with
vaccination. It can also include changes to behaviors such as cigarette smoking or diet.
Secondary prevention involves early detection to halt or reduce the effects of a disease
or illness. Example: screenings - detecting a disease in its earliest stages, before symptoms
appear, and intervening to slow or stop its progression: "catch it early." Other examples - is
the Pap test to screen for cancer of the cervix, or a PSA blood test for prostate cancer; other
instances include teaching people about the early signs of disease that they should watch
for, and what type of treatment to seek. Screening for breast cancers.
Tertiary prevention occurs after a disorder develops.
Example: chemo for cancers have s/e such as N/V, loss of appetite - reduce complication
and disability. Tertiary prevention frequently involves diet therapy. Examples include
eliminating offending allergens from an asthmatic patient's environment and routinely screening for and
managing early renal, eye, and foot problems in a diabetic patient. NOTE: Tertiary prevention manages an
existing disease, with the goal to restore a patient to highest function, minimize the negative consequences
of the disease, and prevent disease-related complications. Maintain and promote better nutritional
standards.
Health Literacy:
