MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
DIPLOMA IN
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
STUDY NOTES
Computer Application II
MODULE 2: SUBJECT NO 5
Page 1 of 129
,Contents
CHAPTER 1: FINANCIAL APPLICATIONS ........................................................................................ 5
Fundamentals of accounting ..................................................................................................................... 5
Definition of accounting........................................................................................................................ 5
Basic Accounting Principles................................................................................................................... 5
Elements of Accounting ........................................................................................................................ 5
Accounting Equation ............................................................................................................................. 6
Double Entry Accounting System .......................................................................................................... 7
The Accounting Cycle ................................................................................................................................ 7
Bookkeeping vs Accounting ...................................................................................................................... 7
Bookkeeping and Transaction Entry system ............................................................................................. 8
Single-entry system ............................................................................................................................... 9
Double-entry system ............................................................................................................................. 9
Ledgers .................................................................................................................................................... 10
Recording Transactions ........................................................................................................................... 13
Accounting application program – QuickBooks ...................................................................................... 23
Understanding QuickBooks Lists ......................................................................................................... 23
Transactions in QuickBooks ................................................................................................................ 34
Reporting on Lists ............................................................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER 2: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD) .......................................................................... 40
Fundamental of technical drawing ......................................................................................................... 40
Meaning and importance of computer-aided design ............................................................................. 42
AutoCAD ................................................................................................................................................ 44
Career and application Information of AutoCAD ................................................................................ 44
Advantages of a CAD system .............................................................................................................. 45
Features of a CAD system ................................................................................................................... 45
Typical screen layout of a CAD system ............................................................................................... 49
AutoCAD's Cartesian Workspace ........................................................................................................ 50
AutoCAD configuration- Units and Scales ........................................................................................... 52
Basic AutoCAD Commands ................................................................................................................. 56
Projection ............................................................................................................................................ 70
CHAPTER 3: GEOGRAPHYCAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)............................................... 75
Page 2 of 129
, What is GIS – Definition? .................................................................................................................... 75
History of GIS: ..................................................................................................................................... 76
Component of GIS: .............................................................................................................................. 77
Area of GIS Applications...................................................................................................................... 77
GIS Data Models.................................................................................................................................. 78
GIS Data Types .................................................................................................................................... 78
Sources of Data ................................................................................................................................... 88
Data Input Techniques ........................................................................................................................ 90
CHAPTER 4: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE .................................................................................... 95
What is Artificial Intelligence? ................................................................................................................ 95
Goals of AI ............................................................................................................................................... 95
Benefits and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence.................................................................................... 95
Pros of Artificial Intelligence: .................................................................................................................. 95
The Cons of Artificial Intelligence ........................................................................................................... 96
What Contributes to AI? ......................................................................................................................... 97
Applications of AI .................................................................................................................................... 98
History of AI ............................................................................................................................................ 99
AI - Intelligent Systems ......................................................................................................................... 100
Meaning of Intelligence .................................................................................................................... 100
Types of Intelligence ......................................................................................................................... 100
Composition of Intelligence .............................................................................................................. 101
Difference between Human and Machine Intelligence .................................................................... 102
AI – Category Research Areas ............................................................................................................... 103
Neural Networks ............................................................................................................................... 103
Robotics............................................................................................................................................. 105
Fuzzy Logic Systems .......................................................................................................................... 106
AI - Natural Language Processing...................................................................................................... 110
Expert Systems .................................................................................................................................. 113
Speech and Voice Recognition .............................................................................................................. 119
Task Classification of AI ......................................................................................................................... 120
AI - Agents & Environments .................................................................................................................. 122
Nature of Environments........................................................................................................................ 126
Page 3 of 129
, Breakthroughs Unleashing AI on the World ......................................................................................... 127
Page 4 of 129
DIPLOMA IN
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
STUDY NOTES
Computer Application II
MODULE 2: SUBJECT NO 5
Page 1 of 129
,Contents
CHAPTER 1: FINANCIAL APPLICATIONS ........................................................................................ 5
Fundamentals of accounting ..................................................................................................................... 5
Definition of accounting........................................................................................................................ 5
Basic Accounting Principles................................................................................................................... 5
Elements of Accounting ........................................................................................................................ 5
Accounting Equation ............................................................................................................................. 6
Double Entry Accounting System .......................................................................................................... 7
The Accounting Cycle ................................................................................................................................ 7
Bookkeeping vs Accounting ...................................................................................................................... 7
Bookkeeping and Transaction Entry system ............................................................................................. 8
Single-entry system ............................................................................................................................... 9
Double-entry system ............................................................................................................................. 9
Ledgers .................................................................................................................................................... 10
Recording Transactions ........................................................................................................................... 13
Accounting application program – QuickBooks ...................................................................................... 23
Understanding QuickBooks Lists ......................................................................................................... 23
Transactions in QuickBooks ................................................................................................................ 34
Reporting on Lists ............................................................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER 2: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD) .......................................................................... 40
Fundamental of technical drawing ......................................................................................................... 40
Meaning and importance of computer-aided design ............................................................................. 42
AutoCAD ................................................................................................................................................ 44
Career and application Information of AutoCAD ................................................................................ 44
Advantages of a CAD system .............................................................................................................. 45
Features of a CAD system ................................................................................................................... 45
Typical screen layout of a CAD system ............................................................................................... 49
AutoCAD's Cartesian Workspace ........................................................................................................ 50
AutoCAD configuration- Units and Scales ........................................................................................... 52
Basic AutoCAD Commands ................................................................................................................. 56
Projection ............................................................................................................................................ 70
CHAPTER 3: GEOGRAPHYCAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)............................................... 75
Page 2 of 129
, What is GIS – Definition? .................................................................................................................... 75
History of GIS: ..................................................................................................................................... 76
Component of GIS: .............................................................................................................................. 77
Area of GIS Applications...................................................................................................................... 77
GIS Data Models.................................................................................................................................. 78
GIS Data Types .................................................................................................................................... 78
Sources of Data ................................................................................................................................... 88
Data Input Techniques ........................................................................................................................ 90
CHAPTER 4: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE .................................................................................... 95
What is Artificial Intelligence? ................................................................................................................ 95
Goals of AI ............................................................................................................................................... 95
Benefits and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence.................................................................................... 95
Pros of Artificial Intelligence: .................................................................................................................. 95
The Cons of Artificial Intelligence ........................................................................................................... 96
What Contributes to AI? ......................................................................................................................... 97
Applications of AI .................................................................................................................................... 98
History of AI ............................................................................................................................................ 99
AI - Intelligent Systems ......................................................................................................................... 100
Meaning of Intelligence .................................................................................................................... 100
Types of Intelligence ......................................................................................................................... 100
Composition of Intelligence .............................................................................................................. 101
Difference between Human and Machine Intelligence .................................................................... 102
AI – Category Research Areas ............................................................................................................... 103
Neural Networks ............................................................................................................................... 103
Robotics............................................................................................................................................. 105
Fuzzy Logic Systems .......................................................................................................................... 106
AI - Natural Language Processing...................................................................................................... 110
Expert Systems .................................................................................................................................. 113
Speech and Voice Recognition .............................................................................................................. 119
Task Classification of AI ......................................................................................................................... 120
AI - Agents & Environments .................................................................................................................. 122
Nature of Environments........................................................................................................................ 126
Page 3 of 129
, Breakthroughs Unleashing AI on the World ......................................................................................... 127
Page 4 of 129
