Infectious Disease Quick Cram Cards (SMARTYPANCE.COM) Questions And Answers 2022

Infectious Disease Quick Cram Cards (SMARTYPANCE.COM) Questions And Answers 2022 Medication used as prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis? - Answer- Rifampin A 33-year-old HIV-positive woman presents with her second episode of oral thrush in the past 2 months. Her current CD4 count is 75. In addition to treatment for the thrush, what should she receive as prophylactic therapy? - AnswerTrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole double strength daily Gram-negative coccobaccili found in the sputum of patient with pneumonia - AnswerH. flu The best test for diagnosing Rocky Mountain spotted fever? - Answer- Indirect immunofluorescent antibodies Gram-positive organism in clusters - Answer- Staph The drug of choice to treat a urethritis caused by Neisseria? - Answer- Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) A pregnant woman and cat litter - Answer- Toxoplasmosis Prophylaxis for all HIV patients with CD4 count 100 - Answer- Bactrim Prophylactic antibiotic given before a dental procedures - Answer- Amoxicillin 2 grams PO 1 hour before procedure What three medications are combined as a first line treatment for H. pylori? - Answer- *CAP*: Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin and PPI A 21-year-old male presents with cough and mild shortness of breath for three days. The cough is occasionally productive of yellowish mucus. He reports a low-grade fever with this episode but says that he has otherwise been healthy. He has spent the last month working in bat caves. - Answer- Histoplasmosis List the HACEK organisms - Answer- Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella Bats, bat caves, and the Mississippi and Ohio River Valley - Answer- Histoplasmosis Bloody stool with cysts and trophozoites - Answer- Amebiasis A 21-year-old bodybuilder presents with complaints of diarrhea, cramps, and lowgrade fever for 24 hours. He has been training for a competition, eating large amounts of protein, including shakes made with *raw eggs.* He reports three loose stools with blood in the commode today. - Answer- Salmonella Gummas or granulomatous nodules - Answer- Tertiary syphilis Most common cause of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection - Answer- E. Coli Most commonly responsible for community acquired pneumonia? - Answer- Strep pneumoniae The oral medication that can be used for MRSA - Answer- Linezolid (Zyvox) and Bactrim Can happen if you infuse vancomycin too fast - Answer- Red Man syndrome A 30-year-old male returning from a 2-week excursion into sub-Saharan Africa presents with *fever*, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. He also reports *significant muscle and joint pains* - Answer- Malaria is the most common cause of fever and hospitalization in travelers returning to the United States. Side effect of Rifampin - Answer- Orange-red discoloration of body fluids Current drug of choice for treating MRSA? - Answer- Vancomycin Antibiotic most likely to cause C. diff - Answer- Clindamycin Fever, vomiting, bloody stool and *seizure* - Answer- Shigella is known to progress to seizures in children A 32-year-old female with watery, nonbloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps for the past 2 days. She also reports a low-grade fever. She returned from a medical mission trip to South America yesterday. While on the trip she spent time in a remote area and is *uncertain of the quality of the water* she drank. She also ate *shrimp* one night for dinner. - Answer- *V. cholerae* infection can be transmitted through wounds but the most often reported cause is eating *undercooked shellfish* or *drinking contaminated water* Throat is erythematous with enlarged tonsils covered by a *grayish membrane* in a recent immigrant child - Answer- Diphtheria A 26-year-old homosexual male presents with multiple episodes of bloody diarrhea that began last night. He and his partner returned 2 days ago from a 2-month long humanitarian relief trip to a less developed country. During the final week of the trip, they travelled into a more remote region of the country. They spent more time than expected in this region with a limited water supply and poor sanitation. - Answer- *E. histolytica* has two stages in its life cycle. In the active stage in the human intestine, it causes symptoms of dysentery, abdominal pain, stool mucus, and tenesmus. In the dormant stage, the cystic form is excreted in the stool and in developing nations frequently contaminates the supply of drinking water. Because of the cystic stage, individuals engaging in anal intercourse can transmit the infection unknowingly. Metallic taste in her mouth and dark brown urine. - Answer- Metronidazole (Flagyl) This organism usually enters the body from infected soil through a break in the skin of the feet. It then is carried to the lungs, travels to the mouth, and is swallowed. Once in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, it attaches to the wall and induces bleeding, leading to an iron deficiency anemia. - Answer- As described, *hookworms* generally enter through the skin and travel to the lungs. Pizza pie retinopathy - Answer- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Antibiotic to be avoided in the pediatric population - Answer- Tetracycline A 3-year-old boy presents with *3 days of fever, runny nose, and injected conjunctiva.* Last night he developed a maculopapular *rash on his head*. This morning it had progressed to his *chest and back*. Physical examination confirms their report and reveals *white spots* in his *mouth* on the* buccal mucosa.* - Answer- Measles Three macrolide antibiotics - Answer- Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin A 16-year-old boy presents with complaints of a *rash, low-grade fever, headache, and malaise*. Symptoms began yesterday after he spent most of the past 4 days deer *hunting in the woods* around his house. He reports that he does check himself for ticks every night. He often finds them, but this season he has not noticed any that were latched on to his skin. On examination, his temperature is noted to be 99.9°F, his HEENT is unremarkable, and he has 1 to *2-mm red macules* over *wrists* and *ankles* with the remainder of skin clear. - Answer- Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) Why can't you give fluoroquinolones to kids? - Answer- They can cause cartilage development problems. Ruptured achilles tendon - Answer- Fluroquinolones Gram-negative diplococci - Answer- Neisseria Gram-positive organism in chains - Answer- Strep Syphilis is caused by - Answer- Treponema pallidum Scotch tape test - Answer- Pinworm Treatment for Pinworm - Answer- Albendazole or mebendazole - the entire family should be treated Drug of choice for toxoplasmosis? - Answer- Bactrim. CONTINUES...