CMA Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam 2022/2023 questions and answers.

Which term describes the body's ability to maintain its normal state? homeostasis Each of the following is known to help prevent infection EXCEPT osteoblasts 00:27 01:10 Each of the following mature cells have a nucleus except (A) lymphocyte (B) monocyte (C) erythrocyte (D) basophil (E) neutrophil erythrocyte What is the flexible connective tissue that is attached to bones at the joints? cartilage Each of the following is located in the mediastinum EXCEPT the (A) aorta (B) esophagus (C) heart (D) pancreas (E) trachea pancreas What is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland? cranial closes and seals off the lower airway during swallowing? epiglottis Which organ is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity? liver Which anatomical region of abdomen lies just distal to the sternum? epigastric Which two cavities are separated by the diaphragm? thoracic and abdominal What term describes the motion of bending the forearm toward the body? flexion Name of position in which a patient lies face down prone If the foot is abducted, it is moved in which direction? outward The anatomic location of the spinal canal is dorsal What is the structural, fibrous protein found in the dermis? collagen A patient has a fracture in which the radius is bent but not displaced, and the skin is intact. This type of fracture is known as what? closed, greenstick What is the large bone found superior to the patella and inferior to the ischium? femur The physician directs the medical assistant to complete a request form for an x-ray study of the fibula. The procedure will be performed on which structure? lower leg What is the disorder characterized by uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the day? narcolepsy The point at which an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another neuron is called the synapse What controls body temperature, sleep, and appetite? hypothalamus Which cranial nerve is related to the sense of smell? olfactory Which substance aids the transmission of nerve impulses? acetylcholine The carotid pulse is located on the anterior side of the neck A patient sustains severe blunt trauma to the left upper abdomen and requires surgery. The body organ most likely to be involved is the spleen Where is the sinoatrial node located? in the upper wall of the right atrium Blood flows from the right ventricle of the heart into the pulmonary arteries Oxygenated blood is carried to the heart by the pulmonary veins The thoracic cage is a structural unit important for respiration Exhaled air, when compared with inhaled air, contains more carbon dioxide and less oxygen In the lungs, gas exchange occurs in tiny one-celled air sacs called alveoli Bile enters the gastrointestinal tract at the duodenum Each of the following is a segment of the large intestine EXCEPT the (A) ascending colon (B) cecum (C) ileum (D) sigmoid colon (E) transverse colon ileum What condition is characterized by incompetence of the esophageal sphincter? gastroesophageal reflux disease What organ removes bilirubin from the blood, manufactures plasma proteins, and is involved with the production of prothrombin and fibrinogen? liver What is the accessory organ of the gastrointestinal system that is responsible for secreting insulin? pancreas What is the lymphoid organ that is a reservoir for red blood cells and filters organisms from the blood? spleen The process whereby the stomach muscles contract to propel food through the digestive tract is called peristalsis Saliva contains an enzyme that acts upon starches In men, specimens for gonococcal cultures are most commonly obtained from which of the following? urethra The cluster of blood capillaries found in each nephron is the glomerulus What condition is characterized by the presence of kidney stones (renal calculi)? nephrolithiasis Urine flows through the urinary system in which order? kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, urethral meatus In men, what structure is located at the neck of the bladder and surrounds the urethra? prostate Male hormones are produced by which organ? Testes What are the mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vaginal opening? bartholin's Fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon occurs in the fallopian tube Calcium, potassium, and sodium are classified as which of the following? electrolytes What is the master gland of the endocrine system? pituitary Patients with what disease are treated with injections of vitamin B-12? pernicious anemia