Fundamentals of Nursing - Exam 1, Answered
What are the most important roles of the nurse (5)
- Caregiver
Advocate
Educator
Researcher
Leader
What are the 5 steps in the nursing process? - (1) Assessment
(2) Nursing Diagnosis
(3) Planning
(4) Implementation
(5) Evaluation
*** All of the above require critical thinking!
Define Assessment - Collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's health and/or situation.
- info medical personnel can look at
- begins the moment you walk through the door
Can the RN provide subjective information about patient? - NO! Only the patient can give subjective
info.
OBJECTIVE info is what the RN sees, hears, or smells
What is the Diagnosis phase? - Analyze the assessment and make a clinical judgement related to an
ACTUAL or POTENTIAL health problem.
** Nurses have to be aware of potential risks based on health problems.
** Also collaborate with other specialists to manage the problem(s)
What are the three phases of a Nursing Diagnosis? - First info → Related to → as evidence by
WHAT is the problem?
WHY is it a problem?
WHAT is the evidence of that problem?
,Ex:
"Acute pain → related to surgical incision → as evidence by patient report (or as evidence by crying)"
What are the OUTCOMES IDENTIFICATION? - This is the statement of how a patient's status will
change once interventions have been successfully instituted
Identify the expected outcomes when planning for the patient's individual situation.
Interventions must be measurable criterion indicating that objectives have been met.
Define the PLANNING stage of the nursing process - Develops a plan that prescribes strategies and
alternatives to attain expected outcomes.
- Prioritize strategies
- Goals (statement that describes the aim if the nursing care) should be short term and long term
Describe IMPLEMENTATION of the nursing process - The actions to facilitate positive patient
outcomes
What three skills are needed in order to implement goals? - Cognitive
Personal
Psychomotor
Describe the EVALUATION phase of the nursing process - This describes how well the patients needs
were met (or not met).
Done through reassessment
What percentage of all communication is nonverbal? - 90%
What two characteristics should nurses always exude? - CARING
COMPETENCE
How is communication used in the Assessment phase of the nursing process? - Verbal interviewing
and history taking
Visual and intuitive observation of nonverbal behavior
Visual, tactile, and auditory data gathering during physical examination.
Written medical records, diagnostic tests, and literature review.
Define REFERENT - The referent motivates one person to communicate with another.
, Examples of referents: sights, sounds, odors, time schedules, messages, objects, emotions, sensations,
perceptions, ideas, etc.
Define SENDER in communication - The person who encodes and delivers the message.
Sender puts ideas or feelings into form that is transmitted and is responsible for accuracy and
emotional tone of message content
What is the RECEIVER in the communication process? - The person who receives and decodes the
message
** senders message acts as a referent for the receiver, who is responsible for attending to, translating,
and responding to the message.
MESSAGE in communication process - Content of communication.... verbal, nonverbal & symbolic
language.
CHANNELS in communication process - These are the means of conveying the message through
visual, auditory, and tactile senses.
Facial expression = visual message
Spoken word = auditory
Touch = tactile
FEEDBACK in communication process - The message that the receiver returns. This indicates if
receiver understood meaning of message. Sender can evaluate effectiveness of communication.
Explain the communication process briefly - The source has a message and encodes the message.
Message is sent through a channel
Receiver must first decode the message
Before message can be fully received
What are the 5 levels of communication in nursing? - Interpersonal
Interpersonal
Small group
Public
Transpersonal
Define Intrapersonal - a.k.a. SELF-TALK
Define Intrerpersonal - Occurs between two people or groups
- usually one on one conversation
What are the most important roles of the nurse (5)
- Caregiver
Advocate
Educator
Researcher
Leader
What are the 5 steps in the nursing process? - (1) Assessment
(2) Nursing Diagnosis
(3) Planning
(4) Implementation
(5) Evaluation
*** All of the above require critical thinking!
Define Assessment - Collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's health and/or situation.
- info medical personnel can look at
- begins the moment you walk through the door
Can the RN provide subjective information about patient? - NO! Only the patient can give subjective
info.
OBJECTIVE info is what the RN sees, hears, or smells
What is the Diagnosis phase? - Analyze the assessment and make a clinical judgement related to an
ACTUAL or POTENTIAL health problem.
** Nurses have to be aware of potential risks based on health problems.
** Also collaborate with other specialists to manage the problem(s)
What are the three phases of a Nursing Diagnosis? - First info → Related to → as evidence by
WHAT is the problem?
WHY is it a problem?
WHAT is the evidence of that problem?
,Ex:
"Acute pain → related to surgical incision → as evidence by patient report (or as evidence by crying)"
What are the OUTCOMES IDENTIFICATION? - This is the statement of how a patient's status will
change once interventions have been successfully instituted
Identify the expected outcomes when planning for the patient's individual situation.
Interventions must be measurable criterion indicating that objectives have been met.
Define the PLANNING stage of the nursing process - Develops a plan that prescribes strategies and
alternatives to attain expected outcomes.
- Prioritize strategies
- Goals (statement that describes the aim if the nursing care) should be short term and long term
Describe IMPLEMENTATION of the nursing process - The actions to facilitate positive patient
outcomes
What three skills are needed in order to implement goals? - Cognitive
Personal
Psychomotor
Describe the EVALUATION phase of the nursing process - This describes how well the patients needs
were met (or not met).
Done through reassessment
What percentage of all communication is nonverbal? - 90%
What two characteristics should nurses always exude? - CARING
COMPETENCE
How is communication used in the Assessment phase of the nursing process? - Verbal interviewing
and history taking
Visual and intuitive observation of nonverbal behavior
Visual, tactile, and auditory data gathering during physical examination.
Written medical records, diagnostic tests, and literature review.
Define REFERENT - The referent motivates one person to communicate with another.
, Examples of referents: sights, sounds, odors, time schedules, messages, objects, emotions, sensations,
perceptions, ideas, etc.
Define SENDER in communication - The person who encodes and delivers the message.
Sender puts ideas or feelings into form that is transmitted and is responsible for accuracy and
emotional tone of message content
What is the RECEIVER in the communication process? - The person who receives and decodes the
message
** senders message acts as a referent for the receiver, who is responsible for attending to, translating,
and responding to the message.
MESSAGE in communication process - Content of communication.... verbal, nonverbal & symbolic
language.
CHANNELS in communication process - These are the means of conveying the message through
visual, auditory, and tactile senses.
Facial expression = visual message
Spoken word = auditory
Touch = tactile
FEEDBACK in communication process - The message that the receiver returns. This indicates if
receiver understood meaning of message. Sender can evaluate effectiveness of communication.
Explain the communication process briefly - The source has a message and encodes the message.
Message is sent through a channel
Receiver must first decode the message
Before message can be fully received
What are the 5 levels of communication in nursing? - Interpersonal
Interpersonal
Small group
Public
Transpersonal
Define Intrapersonal - a.k.a. SELF-TALK
Define Intrerpersonal - Occurs between two people or groups
- usually one on one conversation
