PSYCH 111 Exam 1 Questions & Answers
CHAPTER 1
Q: Which leading behaviorist proposed the law of effect?
A: Edward Thorndike
Q: The authors of this text believe that the future of psychology will .
A: combine and integrate new and existing perspectives
Q: As part of their effort to measure behavior carefully, many behaviorists restricted their research to
studies using .
A: animals
Q: Beth has always enjoyed solving theoretical problems, is very good at math and statistics, and is excited
to learn more about experimental design. She may be most interested in the track of psychology.
A: experimental
Q: The relationship between behavior and biology is .
A: reciprocal: biology affects behavior and vice versa
Q: In what way did ancient physicians contribute to contemporary psychology?
A: By studying the nervous system and developing the scientific method
Q: Which of the following is an application of Skinner’s behaviorism?
A: Doug needs to lose a few pounds, and has a rule that if he eats a dessert, he must go for a five-mile run.
Q: Who was a vocal proponent of dualism?
A: René Descartes
Q: Which of the following best describes the British empiricists’ view of the mind?
A: Infants learn to process language entirely based on their sensory experiences.
Q: Valerie recently lost her sister to suicide. She is having difficulty sleeping, feels hopeless about the future,
and is easily startled or frightened. Her doctor recommends that she participate in a discussion group led by a
social worker to connect with others who are going through a similar experience. Which approach to
psychological disorders does this exemplify?
A: The psychological model
Q: The ancient Greek philosopher Plato was one of the earliest thinkers to address the question, “What is
the mind?” He viewed the mind as three parts that must be in balance: .
A: reason, spirit, and appetite
Q: If we restrict our thinking about an aspect of mind to the information provided by one perspective, at
worst, the result may .
A: lead us in the wrong direction
Q: Which of the following statements about Freud’s work is true?
A: His theories do not lend themselves to experimentation.
Q: Which of the following refers to the very private and internal mental processes that the behaviorists avoided
,studying—information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving?
A: cognition
Q: Any science that studies nonliving matter, including physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology, is called
, a(n) science.
A: physical
Q: A doctor notices that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I were highly
anxious, fearful of loud noises, and having difficulty reconnecting with their families. He asks them to
record personal observations of their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a journal. This process is
called .
A: introspection
Q: Our judicial system relies heavily on eyewitness testimony; however, as informs us, eyewitness
testimony can be shaped by a community’s perceptions of race.
A: social psychology
Q: When psychologists examine psychological phenomena from different perspectives, it .
A: indicates different points of view about behavior
Q: Which of the following statements is an example of humanistic influence?
A: “I hear what you’re saying.”
Q: The psychological perspective that examines the effects of the social environment on the behavior
of individuals is called psychology.
A: social
Q: Contemporary scientists studying the brain are .
A: monists
Q: Rosa, a doctoral student in psychology, observes that one of her young study participants grimaces
after taking a bite of broccoli. His facial expression is an example of .
A: a behavior
Q: Which of the following best represents a cognitive approach to childhood language learning?
A: Children are born with innate mechanisms for learning language.
Q: Which of the following research questions is most likely to be asked by a cognitive psychologist?
A: Do students learn material better when the learning takes place over time or when they “cram” for an exam?
Q: Which of the following most closely paraphrases Watson’s views regarding human behavior?
A: I can raise any child to be an artist, regardless of her tendencies.
Q: Alejandro is developing a preliminary research study to address the question of whether four-year-olds who
are asked to delay gratification (e.g., to delay eating candy) perform differently in solitude than with other
four- year-olds. Which combination of research perspectives would be best for this preliminary study?
A: developmental psychology and social psychology
Q: Who contributed ideas about the unconscious mind, the development of sexuality, dream analysis,
psychological roots of abnormal behavior, personality, and therapy?
A: Sigmund Freud
Q: William James’ impact on contemporary psychology is evidenced by the fact that functionalism .
A: was absorbed into mainstream psychology
Q: It is difficult for others to confirm an individual’s subjective introspections; therefore, this approach does
not lend itself well to .
CHAPTER 1
Q: Which leading behaviorist proposed the law of effect?
A: Edward Thorndike
Q: The authors of this text believe that the future of psychology will .
A: combine and integrate new and existing perspectives
Q: As part of their effort to measure behavior carefully, many behaviorists restricted their research to
studies using .
A: animals
Q: Beth has always enjoyed solving theoretical problems, is very good at math and statistics, and is excited
to learn more about experimental design. She may be most interested in the track of psychology.
A: experimental
Q: The relationship between behavior and biology is .
A: reciprocal: biology affects behavior and vice versa
Q: In what way did ancient physicians contribute to contemporary psychology?
A: By studying the nervous system and developing the scientific method
Q: Which of the following is an application of Skinner’s behaviorism?
A: Doug needs to lose a few pounds, and has a rule that if he eats a dessert, he must go for a five-mile run.
Q: Who was a vocal proponent of dualism?
A: René Descartes
Q: Which of the following best describes the British empiricists’ view of the mind?
A: Infants learn to process language entirely based on their sensory experiences.
Q: Valerie recently lost her sister to suicide. She is having difficulty sleeping, feels hopeless about the future,
and is easily startled or frightened. Her doctor recommends that she participate in a discussion group led by a
social worker to connect with others who are going through a similar experience. Which approach to
psychological disorders does this exemplify?
A: The psychological model
Q: The ancient Greek philosopher Plato was one of the earliest thinkers to address the question, “What is
the mind?” He viewed the mind as three parts that must be in balance: .
A: reason, spirit, and appetite
Q: If we restrict our thinking about an aspect of mind to the information provided by one perspective, at
worst, the result may .
A: lead us in the wrong direction
Q: Which of the following statements about Freud’s work is true?
A: His theories do not lend themselves to experimentation.
Q: Which of the following refers to the very private and internal mental processes that the behaviorists avoided
,studying—information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving?
A: cognition
Q: Any science that studies nonliving matter, including physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology, is called
, a(n) science.
A: physical
Q: A doctor notices that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I were highly
anxious, fearful of loud noises, and having difficulty reconnecting with their families. He asks them to
record personal observations of their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a journal. This process is
called .
A: introspection
Q: Our judicial system relies heavily on eyewitness testimony; however, as informs us, eyewitness
testimony can be shaped by a community’s perceptions of race.
A: social psychology
Q: When psychologists examine psychological phenomena from different perspectives, it .
A: indicates different points of view about behavior
Q: Which of the following statements is an example of humanistic influence?
A: “I hear what you’re saying.”
Q: The psychological perspective that examines the effects of the social environment on the behavior
of individuals is called psychology.
A: social
Q: Contemporary scientists studying the brain are .
A: monists
Q: Rosa, a doctoral student in psychology, observes that one of her young study participants grimaces
after taking a bite of broccoli. His facial expression is an example of .
A: a behavior
Q: Which of the following best represents a cognitive approach to childhood language learning?
A: Children are born with innate mechanisms for learning language.
Q: Which of the following research questions is most likely to be asked by a cognitive psychologist?
A: Do students learn material better when the learning takes place over time or when they “cram” for an exam?
Q: Which of the following most closely paraphrases Watson’s views regarding human behavior?
A: I can raise any child to be an artist, regardless of her tendencies.
Q: Alejandro is developing a preliminary research study to address the question of whether four-year-olds who
are asked to delay gratification (e.g., to delay eating candy) perform differently in solitude than with other
four- year-olds. Which combination of research perspectives would be best for this preliminary study?
A: developmental psychology and social psychology
Q: Who contributed ideas about the unconscious mind, the development of sexuality, dream analysis,
psychological roots of abnormal behavior, personality, and therapy?
A: Sigmund Freud
Q: William James’ impact on contemporary psychology is evidenced by the fact that functionalism .
A: was absorbed into mainstream psychology
Q: It is difficult for others to confirm an individual’s subjective introspections; therefore, this approach does
not lend itself well to .
