Saddleback College Computer Science
1A - Rousseau, Michele Exam 1
Abacus (~2400 BC) Ans- Laid the foundation for positional numbering system
Antikythera Mechanism (~100 BC) Ans- The earliest known Mechanical Analog
Computer. It used mechanical gears and pointers.
John Napier (1610) Ans- Made a form of logarithm for computing that simplify
multiplication, division, square & cube roots
Napier's Rods (or Bones) Ans- Rods that could be moved around and placed in
specially constructed boards
William Oughtred (1622) Ans- Created the side rule
Wilhelm Schickard (1623) Ans- Created the Calculating Clock. It was the first discrete
automatic calculator and could add or subtract up to 6-digit numbers. This was
constructed with wheels.
Pascaline (1642) Ans- Used gears with each gear revolving 10 times before it
increments the next gear.
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1666) Ans- First advocated use of the binary number
system
George Boole (1847) Ans- Created Boolean Algebra which is now being extensively
used in programming.
Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1801) Ans- Created the automatic loom and started the idea of
the "punch cards"
Charles Babbage (1802) Ans- Made the difference engine which was the first
mechanical computer and was capable of calculating polynomials. This was then
scrapped to make the Analytical Engine which was the first programmable computer.
The Analytical Engine used punch cards.
Ada Byron Lovelace Ans- The first computer programmer and was a friend of Babbage
and worked on the Analytical Engine
, Herman Hollerith Ans- Made a desk named after them that was needed for accounting
in the 1890 census. This desk used punch cards and was a gear driven mechanism.
They later on made IBM.
John Antanasoff & Cliff Berry Ans- Made a computer named using both their last
names. This was the first computer that stored data as a charge on a capacitor. This
then influenced the ENIAC.
Alan Turing (1939) Ans- Known as the "Father of Artificial Intelligence" and was
involved in developing the Bombe which broke the Enigma code.
Turing Complete Ans- When a machine can perform anything that is calculable.
Thomas Flowers and Max Newman Ans- Developed the Colossus
John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert Ans- Created the Eniac (1946), which was
developed for the military to calculate firing tables, and the Univac (1951 and 1952),
which developed the census bureau for baby boomers and predicted the outcome of the
Eisenhower-Stevenson election.
Grrace Hopper (1952) Ans- Developed the first compiler and coined the term
"debugging"
First-Generation Computing (1940-1956) Ans- Vacuum Tubes
Ex. Colossus, ABC, and Eniac
Second-Generation Computing (1956-1965) Ans- Transistors
Third-Generation Computing (1964-1971) Ans- Integrated Circuit
Fourth-Generation Computing (1971-Present) Ans- Microprocessors
Ted Hoff (1971) Ans- Created microprocessors at Intel
Doug Englebart (1964) Ans- Created the mouse
Xerox PARC (1973) Ans- Invented the Alto (GUI)
MITS (1975) Ans- Invented the Personal Computer
Apple (1984) Ans- Invented the Macintosh
Fifth-Generation Computing (Present-Future) Ans- Based on AI and machine learning
1 Ans- On
1A - Rousseau, Michele Exam 1
Abacus (~2400 BC) Ans- Laid the foundation for positional numbering system
Antikythera Mechanism (~100 BC) Ans- The earliest known Mechanical Analog
Computer. It used mechanical gears and pointers.
John Napier (1610) Ans- Made a form of logarithm for computing that simplify
multiplication, division, square & cube roots
Napier's Rods (or Bones) Ans- Rods that could be moved around and placed in
specially constructed boards
William Oughtred (1622) Ans- Created the side rule
Wilhelm Schickard (1623) Ans- Created the Calculating Clock. It was the first discrete
automatic calculator and could add or subtract up to 6-digit numbers. This was
constructed with wheels.
Pascaline (1642) Ans- Used gears with each gear revolving 10 times before it
increments the next gear.
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1666) Ans- First advocated use of the binary number
system
George Boole (1847) Ans- Created Boolean Algebra which is now being extensively
used in programming.
Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1801) Ans- Created the automatic loom and started the idea of
the "punch cards"
Charles Babbage (1802) Ans- Made the difference engine which was the first
mechanical computer and was capable of calculating polynomials. This was then
scrapped to make the Analytical Engine which was the first programmable computer.
The Analytical Engine used punch cards.
Ada Byron Lovelace Ans- The first computer programmer and was a friend of Babbage
and worked on the Analytical Engine
, Herman Hollerith Ans- Made a desk named after them that was needed for accounting
in the 1890 census. This desk used punch cards and was a gear driven mechanism.
They later on made IBM.
John Antanasoff & Cliff Berry Ans- Made a computer named using both their last
names. This was the first computer that stored data as a charge on a capacitor. This
then influenced the ENIAC.
Alan Turing (1939) Ans- Known as the "Father of Artificial Intelligence" and was
involved in developing the Bombe which broke the Enigma code.
Turing Complete Ans- When a machine can perform anything that is calculable.
Thomas Flowers and Max Newman Ans- Developed the Colossus
John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert Ans- Created the Eniac (1946), which was
developed for the military to calculate firing tables, and the Univac (1951 and 1952),
which developed the census bureau for baby boomers and predicted the outcome of the
Eisenhower-Stevenson election.
Grrace Hopper (1952) Ans- Developed the first compiler and coined the term
"debugging"
First-Generation Computing (1940-1956) Ans- Vacuum Tubes
Ex. Colossus, ABC, and Eniac
Second-Generation Computing (1956-1965) Ans- Transistors
Third-Generation Computing (1964-1971) Ans- Integrated Circuit
Fourth-Generation Computing (1971-Present) Ans- Microprocessors
Ted Hoff (1971) Ans- Created microprocessors at Intel
Doug Englebart (1964) Ans- Created the mouse
Xerox PARC (1973) Ans- Invented the Alto (GUI)
MITS (1975) Ans- Invented the Personal Computer
Apple (1984) Ans- Invented the Macintosh
Fifth-Generation Computing (Present-Future) Ans- Based on AI and machine learning
1 Ans- On
