PYC4802 Assignment 3 guide EATING DISORDERS 2022 (ESSAY EXAMPLE AND THEME 1 SUMMARY)

1.INTRODUCTION The aim of this essay is to explore DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Personality Disorders, also discussing the problems related to identifying and diagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder in adolescents within the South African context. The term “borderline personality” originallywas used by psychodynamic therapists to describe patients whose personality was on the border between neurosis and psychosis (Kernberg, 1967). Now, however, it is generally used to describe the DSM-IV-TR personality disorder that includes some features of that type of personality: borderline personality disorder, which is characterized by volatile emotions, an unstable selfimage, and impulsive behavior in relationships (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) Borderline Personality Disorder is fairly stable, patients change little over time. Longitudinal studies show no progression towards schizophrenia but patients have a high incidence of major depression disorder episodes, therefore anti-depressants and anticonvulsant may improve global functioning for some patients. 2. DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Personality Disorders The DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association,2013,p.645) define personality disorders ‘as enduring patterns of perceiving ,relating to ,and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal context and are flexible and maladaptive ,and cause functional impairment of subjective distress’ .Personality disorder has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment. The etiology of Personality Disorders is attributed to the development of immature and distorted patterns of personality functioning which leads to persistent maladaptive ways of perceiving, thinking, relating to others, and interacting in the world The DSM-5 lists 10 Personality Disorders which are divided in three clusters as follows: Cluster A This cluster share a common theme of withdrawals from others due to fear and anxiety of people as well as indifference of people based on perception of the social environment ,that differ from cultural or social expectation (Burke, A. et al. (2019). .furthermore, these disorders share symptoms with schizophrenia ,but without psychotic symptoms ,and are often considered to reflect personality processes that predispose people to schizophrenia .This cluster includes Paranoid, Schizoid and Schizotypal Personality Disorders Cluster B The core feature of people with personality disorders in this cluster is that they tend to engage in dramatic ,impulsive behaviour with little regard for their own safety or the safety of others (Burke, A. et al. (2019).They may also act in a hostile and,in some cases ,violent way .This cluster includes Narcissistic, Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders Cluster C This cluster is different from other personality disorders in that anxiety and fearfulness are quite evident in these disorder (Burke, A. et al. (2019) .This feature makes it hard to distinguish these disorders from each other as .this cluster includes the avoidant, dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders General diagnostic criteria for a Personality Disorder ( 2013, p. 646) “A. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture. This pattern is manifested in two (or more) of the following area