American Red Cross - Advanced Life Support Final Exam 2022

Ventricular Tachycardia - ANSWER A patient is being treated in the emergency department and is determined to have NSTE-ACS. Invasive management is planned based on which finding? - Ventricular Tachycardia - Atrial Fibrillation - Ventricular Fibrillation - Atrial Tachycardia On the lower RIGHT abdomen - ANSWER A healthcare provider is establishing cardiac monitoring using a five-electrode system. The healthcare provider demonstrates proper use of the system by placing the green electrode in which location? - Under the left clavicle at the midclavicular line - At the 4th intercostal space, right sternal border - On the lower right abdomen - On the lower left abdomen Atrial Fibrillation - ANSWER The stroke team is assessing a patient with a suspected stroke. The patient is alert and able to carry on a conversation, although the patient has difficulty getting the words out. Testing confirms that the patient has had an ischemic stroke. Based on the patient's medical history, a history of which arrhythmia would alert the team to the patient's increased risk for stroke? - Atrial tachycardia - Atrial fibrillation - Ventricular fibrillation - Bradycardia Pneumothorax - ANSWER A patient experiences cardiac arrest, and the resuscitation team initiates ventilations using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) resuscitator. The development of which condition during the provision of care would lead the team to suspect that improper BVM technique is being used? - Hypertension - Pneumothorax - Rib Fracture - Esophageal Injury Unstable Angina - ANSWER A patient presents to the emergency department with mild to moderate recurrent chest pain, without any nausea or vomiting. A 12-lead ECG is obtained and shows ST-segment depression with transient T-wave elevation indicative of NSTE-ACS. Cardiac enzyme levels are obtained and are not elevated. These findings suggest which condition? - Non-STEMI - Myocardial Infarction - STEMI - Unstable Angina Visual function, LOC, and Language deficits - ANSWER A patient is brought to the emergency department by their spouse. The spouse says, "I think it's a stroke." The stroke team initiates a rapid stroke assessment using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Which area(s) would the team include in this assessment? - Visual function - Level of consciousness - Cranial Nerve function - Language deficits - Facial Palsy Atropine 0.5 mg q 4-5 min - ANSWER A patient with dyspnea and a change in mental status arrives at the emergency department. The healthcare team completes the necessary assessments and begins to care for the patient, including initiating cardiac monitoring, pulse oximetry, supplemental oxygen and vascular access. The team reviews the patient's ECG rhythm strip, as shown in the following figure. Which agent would the team most likely administer? - Atropine 0.5 mg q 4-5 min - Dopamine 5-10 mcg/min - Epinephrine 2-10 mcg/min - Amiodarone 150 mg over 10 min We delivered 1 ventilation every 6 seconds and chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. - ANSWER A resuscitation team is debriefing following a recent event. A patient experienced cardiac arrest, and advanced cardiac life support was initiated. The patient required the placement of an advanced airway to maintain airway patency. Which statement indicates that the team performed high-quality CPR? 35-40 mmHg - ANSWER A healthcare provider initiates ventilations to ensure adequate breathing and oxygenation. While ventilations are being performed, capnography is established to evaluate the adequacy of the ventilations. The healthcare provider determines that ventilations are adequate based on which end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) value? - 10-15 mmHg - 20-25 mmHg - 25-30 mmHg - 35-40 mmHg Digoxin, Metoprolol, and Verapamil - ANSWER The ECG rhythm strip of a patient who arrived in the emergency department complaining of dizziness, syncope and shortness of breath reveals sinus bradycardia. When reviewing the patient's medication history, the healthcare provider identifies which agent(s) as a potential cause of the patient's current condition? - Quinapril - Digoxin - Metoprolol - Losartan - Verapamil Hypocalcemia and Hypomagnesemia - ANSWER The emergency department team is providing care to a patient who is experiencing ventricular tachycardia. The patient's serum electrolyte levels are a contributing cause of the patient's current condition. Which electrolyte imbalance(s) would most likely be involved? - Hypochloremia - Hypernatremia - Hypomagnesemia - Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia Vagal Maneuvers - ANSWER A patient's ECG reveals a narrow QRS complex with a regular rhythm, indicating a narrow-complex supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. The patient is hemodynamically stable. Which intervention would be initiated first? - Synchronized cardioversion - Sedation - Vagal Maneuvers - Adenosine Administration Administration of an epinephrine infusion - ANSWER A patient experiencing an unstable bradyarrhythmia does not respond to atropine or transcutaneous pacing. Which intervention would the healthcare provider use next? - Synchronized Cardioversion - Carotid Massage - Application of cold stimulus - Administration of an epinephrine infusion PaCO2 35 mmHg, SaO2 92%, and ETCO2 50 mmHg - ANSWER A patient in cardiac arrest experiences return of spontaneous circulation. As part of post-cardiac arrest care, the patient is receiving mechanical ventilation. Which finding(s) would indicate the need for change in the ventilator settings to optimize the patient's ventilation and oxygenation? - SaO2 96% - PaCO2 35 mmHg - SaO2 92% - ETCO2 50 mmHg - ETCO2 40 mmHg Activate the emergency medical services system - ANSWER A 40-year-old patient in the waiting room of the primary care provider's office approaches a staff member and says, "I'm having really severe, crushing chest pain that is moving to both my arms." The patient is diaphoretic and dyspneic. Which action would be appropriate for the staff member to take? - Take the patient to an exam room immediately - Obtain a 12-lead ECG - Activate the emergency medical services system - Give the patient an aspirin Hypoglycemia - ANSWER A patient comes to the emergency department with a suspected stroke. The patient is alert and oriented and accompanied by a family member. The family member says, "I noticed he was slurring his words and had trouble walking, like his leg was numb." After completing the primary assessment, the stroke team completes a secondary assessment. Which finding would suggest that the patient is experiencing a condition that mimics a stroke? - Hypoglycemia - Hypokalemia - Hyperkalemia - Hyperglycemia 4 minutes - ANSWER A 20-year-old man with respiratory depression is brought to the emergency department by his parents. The parents state that "[They] found him at home with various needles and syringes around him, but [they] have no idea what he took." Opioid overdose is suspected, and an initial dose of naloxone is administered at 10 p.m. The patient does not respond to this initial dose. The team would expect to administer a second dose after how many minutes? - 2 min - 4 min - 6 min - 8 min Hyperkalemia - ANSWER A patient with acute renal failure experiences cardiac arrest. Just before the cardiac arrest, the patient's ECG showed peaked T waves. What might be causing the patient's cardiac arrest? - Hyperkalemia - Acidosis - Hypothermia - Hypoxia 7:30 pm - ANSWER A patient with a suspected stroke arrives at the emergency department at 7:10 p.m. The stroke team ensures that a neurologic assessment and brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is obtained by which time? - 7:20 pm - 7:30 pm - 7:40 pm - 7:50 pm Respiratory Distress - ANSWER A patient enters the emergency department in respiratory compromise. The team is monitoring the patient using capnography and identifies that ETCO2 levels are initially 33 mmHg and later 40 mmHg. From these readings, the team identifies that the patient is progressing in what stage of respiratory compromise? - Resp Acidosis - Resp Failure - Resp Arrest - Resp Distress 11:00 pm - ANSWER A patient experiencing STEMI comes to the emergency department of a large medical center at 9:30 p.m. The patient states that the symptoms started about 8 p.m. After confirming the diagnosis and initiating care, the healthcare team schedules the patient for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The facility is capable of administering PCI. To achieve the best outcomes, therapy should be administered to this patient by which time? - 11:00 pm - 12:00 am - 1:00 am -1:30 am Respiratory Failure - ANSWER Assessment of a patient reveals an ETCO2 level of 55 mmHg and an arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) level of 88%. The provider would interpret these findings as indicative of which condition? - Resp distress - Cardiac arrest - Resp arrest