Final exam master Leadership and Management of Patient care #11

Definition of Leadership Process of influence Way of behaving, an interpersonal ability to cause others to respond, not because they have to but because they want to Characteristics of Leadership 1. Positive interactions/Attitude 2. Takes initiative: questioning why? 3. Energy 4. Positive attitude 5. Respect 6. Professional development: becoming an expert in you field 7. Empowerment 8. Problem solving and critical thinking skills 9. Emphasize interpersonal development/communication 10. Leaders have goals that might differ from the organization Emotional Intelligence ● Ability to manage the emotions of self and others ● The nurse must be able to understand their own emotions and the emotions of the patient and family ● Important characteristic of effective leadership. ● Helps to understand the perspective of others. ● Helps to manage emotions and accomplish tasks Leadership Approaches Transactional- focuses on immediate issues. Makes decisions with little no input from others. Maintains status quo. Transformational- seeks input from others, collaborates, consensus seeking, works on interpersonal skills. Inspires and motivates. Empowers followers. Works toward a common goal. Types of Leadership Formal-has the title and office. Based on official position in organization. Informal- without office and title. Has followers. Has respect of individuals. Derive power from their unique characteristics Styles of Leadership Autocratic-authoritative, dictational strong control over group. Manager retains as much power and decision making as possible. Does not consult staff, nor allowed to give input. Others are motivated by coercion Decision making does not involve others Laissez-Faire 1. Permissive, little or no control. Also known as the “hands off approach:” 2. Manager provides little or no direction and gives staff as much freedom as possible. All authority given to staff and they determine goals, makes decisions 3. Can lead to creativity, not the best for new grads because of no feedback. Democratic: less control, decision making involves others. ● Also known as participative style. ● Encourages staff to be part of the decision-making process. ● Keeps staff informed about everything that affects their work. Leadership skills for students to possess 1. Clinical care coordination 1. Clinical decisions 2. Priority setting: need data before prioritizing 3. Organizational skills 4. Use of resources: 5. Time management 6. Evaluation 7. Clinical reasoning/judgement 2. Team communication 3. Delegation 4. Problem Solving Management Functions Planning- philosophy, goals, objectives, managing planned change. Staffing- recruiting interviewing, hiring and staff development Organizing- determine patient care delivery, working within the structure of the organization Directing- human resource management. Motivating, conflict management, delegating. Controlling- performance appraisals, quality control Characteristics of Managers ● Hold formal positions of authority and power ● Possesses clinical expertise ● Coaches subordinates ● Makes decisions about staffing, budget and use of resources. ● Patient rounds to prevent complaints on the day of discharge rectify the situation before hand Critical Thinking ● Reflective ● Way of analyzing, synthesizing and evaluating information to reach a conclusion. ● Complex ● Needed for problem solving and decision making ● Helps to direct clinical judgements Clinical Reasoning ● Reflective. Includes critical thinking and experience. Debriefing about the day is where the learning happens. ● Uses both knowledge and experience to make decisions at the point of care. ● Helps to filter information and prioritize ● Helps to identify if a problem is present ● Helps to identify clinical trends Clinical reasoning …attitudes Intent- deliberate plan of thinking Reflection- determine effectiveness. Determine why you are doing something. Curiosity- eager to ask questions. Tolerance for ambiguity - outcomes are sometimes undefined Self confidence-know strengths and weaknesses Professional motivation-hold yourself the highest level of moral and ethical practice. Clinical Reasoning :Key Components Priority setting-what needs immediate attention?? Rationale for everything-why?why?why? Identify and trend relevant data Vitals Nursing assessment 5 rights of clinical reasoning RIGHT CUES- data is collected and clustered. Looking at relationships between data and current situation. Connect the dots RIGHT PATIENT- identifying high risk patients. Elderly patient monitor for complication RIGHT TIME- timeliness of identifying a status change. RIGHT ACTION- once a clinical judgement is made, an appropriate intervention must be initiated. RIGHT REASON- why, why, why putting the puzzle together Clinical Judgement Decision is made regarding course of action based on data Used to analyze data Helps to determine patient outcome Leads to safe patient outcomes Poor Judgement leads to unsafe outcomes Failure to rescue: not reacting in a timely manner to a potential complication Clinical Judgement attributes (terminal maybe use on exam) · Assessment- Noticing · Analysis- interpreting · Planning and Implementation- responding · Evaluation- Reflecting Accountability/Responsibility Accountability: Individual agrees to be morally responsible for the consequence of their actions. ● Accept consequences for actions ● Focus on outcomes (patient safety) ● Foundation for evaluation Responsibility: duty to complete an assignment. Expect the job to be done. Accountability/Responsibility/Legal Nurse Practice Act ● 3 categories of nurse(LPN, RN, APN) ● Education and exam requirements ● Guidelines for licensure ● Scope of nursing practice ● Violations of the act - Drugs - False document - Abusing patient/ stealing - Not working under nursing scopes - CEU most common?? Professional- ANA - Code of ethics Profession of Nursing · LPN/LVN Autonomy · RN Accountability - Diploma Self Development - ADN - BSN - MSN - DNP/PHD - APN Accountability/Responsibility Personal ● Continuing education ● On-the-job growth ● Career ladder ● Certification ● Self-evaluation ● Peer review Notes: start off as novice but need to show growth, increase education, get certification to be expert in that area. Communication skills “the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information by speech, signals, writing or behavior” ● Important in the practice of nursing ● Essential to teams and leadership ● Cuts across all levels of patient care ● Verbal and nonverbal ● Necessary for continuity and productivity Notes: breakdown in communication can lead to unfavorable reports. A good change of shift report is vital you should validate the report that is given to you. Communication Patterns Assertive communication-allows one to express themselves in a direct honest approach that does not infringe on another person’s rights. Assertive is good. Aggressive: communication is direct and in a hostile manner that does infringe on a person’s rights Passive: occurs when a person suffers in silence although feels very strongly about an issue Communicating patient care needs 1. Change of shift report 2. IDG rounds 3. Communicating with physicians 4. Communicating with other disciplines 5. Communicating with patients and families 6. IPASS