NUR 2513
Maternal Child Nursing Exam 3
Hospitalization causes many issues - Stress is the Big one. This can be positive and
negative Answer- Positive - Child begins to expand their world when parents are
absent. Healthcare providers can see the child adapt. If parents are gone too
long........abandonment can set in.
**Stress helps them learn how to cope.
Negative - Long term stress (not good), however display itself in physical manifestation.
What are 3 things children are most afraid of? Answer- -losing control or independence
-fear of pain or punishment
-fear of bodily harm or change
How can we minimize the stress of hospitalization? Answer- Parent rooming in w/
patient, bring an object/toy from home, draw pictures to hang in room, offer choices of
watching movie or picking a game, therapeutic play, child life specialist, guided imagery
How do we communicate with children? Answer- Children in general - Get to their level
physically.
Use simple words.
Eye contact.
Play to demonstrate.
Be approachable.
DO NOT LIE TO THEM!
Communication: Hearing deficit Answer- Sign language, pictures, computerized
electronics, eye contact, touch, turn light on.
Gain their attention before speaking, face child when speaking, speak slowly and loudly.
Communication:Visual deficit Answer- Announce yourself, let them know that you are
there. Keep routine in the room the same. Make sure they have their glasses on. Bright
lights.
Communication: Cognitive issues Answer- Be gentle and kind, very short directives.
Praise. Hold boundaries.
,Separation comfort care Answer- -with favorite items or activity, distraction, parents
room in or go with child to procedures.
-Child will protest separation due to anxiety, [prep with tours and explanation, use
transitional objects] reinforce when they will see parent again.
-Despair follows due to grief of separation, detachment due to ongoing anger/coping
skills.
Alleviate stress and fears: Answer- -explain procedure
-distraction
-ask parent to stay and participate in care
-explain what's going on
What is the benefit of play? Answer- ● Allows children to express feelings and fears.
● Facilitates mastery of developmental stages and assists in the development of
problem solving abilities.
● Allows children to learn socially acceptable behaviors.
● Activities should be specific to each child's stage
of development.
● Can be used to teach children.
● A means of protection from everyday stressors.
Solitary play Answer- The child plays alone, without regard for those around him.
Characteristic of infants.
Onlooker play Answer- The child observes the other children around him as he plays
alone; may alter own play activities based on what he sees the others doing or may be
content to continue in his play while simply talking with the other children; play activities
are different (e.g., one child may be bouncing a ball while another is playing with jacks).
Characteristic of toddlers.
**RED FLAG for continuing in this phase of play, which is usually indicative of autism
Parallel play Answer- Children play independently among other children but they do not
yet play together, which is characteristic of toddlers.
Associative play Answer- Children playing together without organization, which is
characteristic of preschoolers
Cooperative play Answer- Organized playing in groups. Children assume designated
roles in the games, have goals for the games, and rely on one another for the game to
continue and progress. This is characteristic of school-age children and adolescents.
Nutrition is: Answer- the single most important factor in the growth and development of
children.
, Are food fads that different children encounter harmful? Answer- -No, and are usually
self-limiting.
-Adolescents have many different needs for greater caloric intake and more
concentrated iron, folic acid, and protein.
Toddlers: At risk for? Answer- Physiological anemia
-Because of too much calcium in milk impedes iron absorption
Physiological anorexia
-Toddlers begin developing taste preferences and are generally picky eaters who
repeatedly request their favorite foods. Physiologic anorexia occurs, resulting in toddlers
becoming fussy eaters because of a decreased appetite.
Risks with inadequate nutrition: Answer- • Cardiac and organic failure, electrolytic
imbalance, cardiac dysrhythmia, tooth enamel erosion, esophageal damage. Kids are
obsessive picky eaters.
• Older kids become obsessive and restrictive.
• Over-eaters think about meals before all else.
• In little kids they can become constipated, unhealthy.
• Anemia can be an issue. Food fads are not uncommon and if the child has a daily food
intake that is overall balanced, the parent should be comforted and instructed to
continue to track the intake.
Nutritional needs Answer- -Infant- breast feed up to 1 year, no milk prior
-Solid foods - around 6 mo., slowly new food every 3-4 days
-Toddlers - picky eaters, physiological anorexia, grazers; no food fads are detrimental
unless purposely not eating.
-Growth problems if not receiving proper amount of proteins: Ask what they like (if don't
like milk find another option for calcium)
**Too much milk can cause anemia [Ca impedes iron absorption]
Adolescent nutrition requires Answer- Rapid growth and high metabolism require
increases in quality nutrients, and make adolescents unable to tolerate caloric
restrictions.
**During times of rapid growth, additional calcium, iron, protein, folic acid, and zinc are
needed.
Rate of growth Answer- Greatest growth in infants, and then again in adolescents which
puts them at risk for anemia due to menstruation and muscle mass increase.
Restraints Answer- Are used for procedures to keep children safe!!
*2 common types of restraints- mummy (papoose) and elbow restraints.
• Elbow prevents elbow flex - can't reach things to pull/touch.
Maternal Child Nursing Exam 3
Hospitalization causes many issues - Stress is the Big one. This can be positive and
negative Answer- Positive - Child begins to expand their world when parents are
absent. Healthcare providers can see the child adapt. If parents are gone too
long........abandonment can set in.
**Stress helps them learn how to cope.
Negative - Long term stress (not good), however display itself in physical manifestation.
What are 3 things children are most afraid of? Answer- -losing control or independence
-fear of pain or punishment
-fear of bodily harm or change
How can we minimize the stress of hospitalization? Answer- Parent rooming in w/
patient, bring an object/toy from home, draw pictures to hang in room, offer choices of
watching movie or picking a game, therapeutic play, child life specialist, guided imagery
How do we communicate with children? Answer- Children in general - Get to their level
physically.
Use simple words.
Eye contact.
Play to demonstrate.
Be approachable.
DO NOT LIE TO THEM!
Communication: Hearing deficit Answer- Sign language, pictures, computerized
electronics, eye contact, touch, turn light on.
Gain their attention before speaking, face child when speaking, speak slowly and loudly.
Communication:Visual deficit Answer- Announce yourself, let them know that you are
there. Keep routine in the room the same. Make sure they have their glasses on. Bright
lights.
Communication: Cognitive issues Answer- Be gentle and kind, very short directives.
Praise. Hold boundaries.
,Separation comfort care Answer- -with favorite items or activity, distraction, parents
room in or go with child to procedures.
-Child will protest separation due to anxiety, [prep with tours and explanation, use
transitional objects] reinforce when they will see parent again.
-Despair follows due to grief of separation, detachment due to ongoing anger/coping
skills.
Alleviate stress and fears: Answer- -explain procedure
-distraction
-ask parent to stay and participate in care
-explain what's going on
What is the benefit of play? Answer- ● Allows children to express feelings and fears.
● Facilitates mastery of developmental stages and assists in the development of
problem solving abilities.
● Allows children to learn socially acceptable behaviors.
● Activities should be specific to each child's stage
of development.
● Can be used to teach children.
● A means of protection from everyday stressors.
Solitary play Answer- The child plays alone, without regard for those around him.
Characteristic of infants.
Onlooker play Answer- The child observes the other children around him as he plays
alone; may alter own play activities based on what he sees the others doing or may be
content to continue in his play while simply talking with the other children; play activities
are different (e.g., one child may be bouncing a ball while another is playing with jacks).
Characteristic of toddlers.
**RED FLAG for continuing in this phase of play, which is usually indicative of autism
Parallel play Answer- Children play independently among other children but they do not
yet play together, which is characteristic of toddlers.
Associative play Answer- Children playing together without organization, which is
characteristic of preschoolers
Cooperative play Answer- Organized playing in groups. Children assume designated
roles in the games, have goals for the games, and rely on one another for the game to
continue and progress. This is characteristic of school-age children and adolescents.
Nutrition is: Answer- the single most important factor in the growth and development of
children.
, Are food fads that different children encounter harmful? Answer- -No, and are usually
self-limiting.
-Adolescents have many different needs for greater caloric intake and more
concentrated iron, folic acid, and protein.
Toddlers: At risk for? Answer- Physiological anemia
-Because of too much calcium in milk impedes iron absorption
Physiological anorexia
-Toddlers begin developing taste preferences and are generally picky eaters who
repeatedly request their favorite foods. Physiologic anorexia occurs, resulting in toddlers
becoming fussy eaters because of a decreased appetite.
Risks with inadequate nutrition: Answer- • Cardiac and organic failure, electrolytic
imbalance, cardiac dysrhythmia, tooth enamel erosion, esophageal damage. Kids are
obsessive picky eaters.
• Older kids become obsessive and restrictive.
• Over-eaters think about meals before all else.
• In little kids they can become constipated, unhealthy.
• Anemia can be an issue. Food fads are not uncommon and if the child has a daily food
intake that is overall balanced, the parent should be comforted and instructed to
continue to track the intake.
Nutritional needs Answer- -Infant- breast feed up to 1 year, no milk prior
-Solid foods - around 6 mo., slowly new food every 3-4 days
-Toddlers - picky eaters, physiological anorexia, grazers; no food fads are detrimental
unless purposely not eating.
-Growth problems if not receiving proper amount of proteins: Ask what they like (if don't
like milk find another option for calcium)
**Too much milk can cause anemia [Ca impedes iron absorption]
Adolescent nutrition requires Answer- Rapid growth and high metabolism require
increases in quality nutrients, and make adolescents unable to tolerate caloric
restrictions.
**During times of rapid growth, additional calcium, iron, protein, folic acid, and zinc are
needed.
Rate of growth Answer- Greatest growth in infants, and then again in adolescents which
puts them at risk for anemia due to menstruation and muscle mass increase.
Restraints Answer- Are used for procedures to keep children safe!!
*2 common types of restraints- mummy (papoose) and elbow restraints.
• Elbow prevents elbow flex - can't reach things to pull/touch.
