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Pharmacology → PRIORITY ONE
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking phenytoin. For
which of the following adverse effects should the nurse
monitor and report to the provider?
Cognitive
a.
impairment
bTachycardia +.
c. Elevated blood pressure
d. Tinnitus
Rationale:
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phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek) : Classification: antiarrhythmics,
anticonvulsants. Pharmacologic: Hydantoins. Pregnancy category: D.
Indications: treatment/prevention of tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures
and complex partial seizures via enhancing inhibitory effects of
GABA and decreases neuron firing. Also used as an antiarrhythmic,
particularly for ventricular arrhythmias associated with digoxin
toxicity & prolonged QT interval. Adverse effects: CNS effects
(nystagmus, sedation, ataxia, double vision, cognitive impairment)
notify providers if these occur, Gingival hyperplasia (softening and
overgrowth of gum tissue, tenderness, and bleeding gums; maintain
good oral hygiene), Skin rash (stop med if this occurs), Cardiovascular
effects (dysrhythmias, hypotension), Endocrine and other effects
(coarsening of focal features, hirsutism, and interference with vitamin
D metabolism), and Interfering with vitamin K-dependent clotting
factors causing bleeding in newborns.
. A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving via continuous IV
infusion for labor augmentation. The nurse notes six
contractions in a 10-minute period with a nonreassuring FHR.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
a. Administer Terbutaline 0.25 mg subcutaneously
b. Discontinue the oxytocin IV infusion
c. Turn the client on the left side
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d. Apply oxygen at 10 L / min via face mask
Rationale: Pharmacology 7.0 Chapter 32 page 253:
Oxytocin (Pitocin): hormone, oxytocics, pregnancy category X.
Uterine stimulants increase the strength, frequency, and length of
uterine contractions. (contractions lasting longer than 60 secs, and
occurring more frequently than every 2 to 3 min, stop the infusion,
and notify the provider.
Practice question from RN Pharmacology Practice Questions A: the
priority question is for the nurse to place the client in lateral
position.
. A nurse is administering Lactated Ringer solution at 100ml/hr. The
drop factor of the manual IV tubing is 15 gtt/ml. The nurse
should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many drops per
minute? Round the answer to the nearest whole number? mL/
min x drop factor (gtt/min)
1 hr. = 60 min
100 mL/60 min x 15 gtt/mL = 25 gtt/min
. A client who has active tuberculosis and is taking rifampin
reports that this urine and sweat have developed a red orange
tinge. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
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page 376
Adverse effects: Hepatotoxic sxs (jaundice,
anorexia, fatigue, nausea vomiting, Metabolizes,
warfarin, HIV
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