HESI Anatomy and Physiology Covered 2022

HESI Anatomy and Physiology EXAM Covered 2022 Which of the following hormones decreases the concentration of blood glucose? insulin glucagon growth hormone glucocorticoids Which structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland? hypothalamus adrenal gland testes pancreas How much of a female’s blood volume is composed of red blood cells? A. 10% B. 25% C. 40% D. 70% Which type of cholesterol is considered to be the best for health? LDL HDL VLDL VHDL Where are the vocal cords located? bronchi trachea larynx epiglottis Where does gas exchange occur in the human body? alveoli bronchi larynx pharynx What mineral is responsible for muscle contractions? Chloride Sodium Calcium Magnesium In which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found? Thoracic cavity Mediastinum Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? Diaphragm Mediastinum Liver Lungs Which of the following epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function? Simple squamous epithelium—secretion or absorption Stratified squamous epithelium—changes shape when stretched Stratified squamous epithelium—diffusion Simple columnar epithelium—secretion or absorption A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on internal surface of stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells tall and thin, no blood vessels in the tissue. What type of tissue is this? Epithelial Connective Muscle Cartilage Nervous Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following? Osteoblasts Neuroglia Osteocytes Arterioles Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs? Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscle What is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs? Atom Organelle Cell DNA What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called? External respiration Internal respiration Inhalation Cellular respiration In order for inhalation to occur, what must happen? Contraction of the diaphragm, which decreases the volume of the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs Contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs Recoil of the lungs as the respiratory muscles contract, and the thorax decreases in size Recoil of the lungs as the respiratory muscles relax, and the thorax decreases in size Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood does which of the following? It is carried in solution or bound to blood proteins. It is carried on hemoglobin. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within the plasma. How does the trachea remain open like a hollow tube? Air pressure inside keeps it open. Supporting cartilaginous rings keep it open. It is reinforced with bone that cannot collapse. Special muscles are working to keep the trachea open. The stomach muscle churns and mixes food, turning the mass into a soupy substance called which of the following? Bolus Bile Chyme Feces Which type of cell division takes place in the gonads? Mitosis Meiosis Binary fission Asexual division In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum? Back of the hand Heel of the foot