NURS 623 Exam2_CaryReview+Questions.

NURS 623 Exam2_CaryReview+Questions.• Know what effects exercise and diet have on the body, on blood glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol A patient with type 2 diabetes asks the clinician why she needs to exercise. In order to answer her, the clinician must understand that exercise has what effect on the patient with type 2 diabetes? a. Reduces postprandial blood glucose b. Reduces triglycerides and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) c. Reduces total cholesterol d. All of the above • Know the frequency in which you would perform a foot exam on a DM patient How often should the clinician examine the feet of a person with diabetes? a. Once a year b. Every 6 months c. Every 3 months d. Every visit • Know the diferenece in addsions, cushings and graves disease and s/s pts will exhibit, and Understand the patho related to the disease process Addisons: -Need to ADD cortisol o Inadequate amount of hormones produced by the adrenal glands o Cortisol and sometimes aldosterone for this disease o GI  Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, weight loss d/t loss of appetite o Derm  Paleness or darkening of skin in places that causes the skin to have a patchy appearance o Other  Muscle weakness, fatigue, slow or sluggish movement, hypoglycemia, low blood pressure, fainting, and salt craving Cushings: -Have a CUSHION of cortisol  Cushing’s Disease o ACTH-Dependent: o Related to excess ACTH caused by pituitary adenoma causes adrenal cortex to over secrete cortisol  Cushing’s Syndrome o ACTH-Independent o Prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoid hormones  Most common cause: HD steroid 2 weeks o Tumors/dysplagia of the adrenal cortex  S/S: o Progressive weight gain and fatty tissue deposit  Midsection/Upper back  Face (moon face)  Between shoulders (buffalo hump) o Pink or purple stretch marks (Striae)  Abdomen  Thighs  Breasts  Arms o Thinning, fragile skin that bruises easily o Slow healing of cuts, Insect bites, acne, and infections o Fatigue, muscle weakness or myopathy o Depression/anxiety and irritability o HTN o Glucose intolerance that can lead to DM, HA, and bone loss o Women reports more thick and visible facial hair (hirsutism) and period issues Graves:  Excess secretion and synthesis of one or both: o Thyroxine (T4) o Triiodothyronine (T3)  Associated with autoimmune disease o Pernicious anemia, MG, Type 1 DM  Presentation o Diffuse thyroid enlargement, exophthalmos, nervousness, tachycardia, and heat intolerance o Thyroid scan reveals a large “hot” gland with heterogeneous uptake • Know the s/s of DM type one The clinical presentation of type 1 DM includes all of the following except: • Weight gain • Ketosis • Polydipsia • Polyuria • Know the s/s of DM type 2 Which of the following are common signs of type 2 DM? a. Anorexia