Pharm II exam 1 review 2022

What labs do we monitor for anemia? - ANSWER HGB, hematocrit How long does it take for the patient to see effect Epoiten alpha - ANSWER 2 weeks min, watch for side effects What are we using Epoiten alfa - ANSWER RBC insufficiency, chronic kidney disease Ferrous sulfate is used for - ANSWER iron deficiency anemia Instructions for taking ferrous sulfate - ANSWER take one hour before food and 2 hours after. Take with vitamin C rich foods to increase absorption When taking ferrous sulfate watch for - ANSWER dark stools, constipation. Patient should increase what intake when taking ferrous sulfate? - ANSWER water and fiber Vit B12 is used for - ANSWER pernicious anemia What are Some contraindications with Vit B12 - ANSWER hypokalemia, no alcohol How to administer Vit B12 - ANSWER IM, IV, Subling Types of shock - ANSWER anaphylaxis, hypovolemic, septic, neurogenic, cardiogenic How do you treat anaphylacctic shock - ANSWER epi (IM), O2, steroid, histamine (benadryl) How do we treat cardiogenic shock - ANSWER fix the heart (what is abnormal? Fix it) How to treat septic shock - ANSWER fix the effects and then the problem Vasoconstrictors - ANSWER epi, levofed, norepi, dopamine, dobutamine With vasopressors and extravasation we would give - ANSWER phentolamine (to help the dead vein) Side effects of vasopressors - ANSWER hypertension, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, blurred vision Vasoconstricors cause - ANSWER dysrhythmias What receptors do vasoconstrictors work on - ANSWER nicotonic, kinetic Nicotonic and kinetic receptors work on - ANSWER alpha one and beta 1 & 2 What are some medications that would effect vasopressors - ANSWER beta blockers Level of Consciousness should be part of your assessment for every - ANSWER shock patient When do we give blood products - ANSWER hypovolemic shock What are colloids - ANSWER large proteins What is good about colloids? - ANSWER no fluid shift Examples of colloid - ANSWER albumin Isotonic fluids are given to - ANSWER increase volume (sepsis) Isotonic fluids - ANSWER NS, LR, D5 in water In Cardiogenic we may give these meds to help the heart work better until they are treated - ANSWER digoxin (inotropics) What is the result on the alpha 1 receptor when we use vasoconstrictors? - ANSWER blood pressure will increase Seizure meds should not be - ANSWER stopped abruptly If seizure medicine is not working try - ANSWER adding a different one to the one you take Side effects of seizure meds - ANSWER stephen johnsons rash, drowsiness, CNS depressant, SI Keto diet helps increase the effects of - ANSWER seizure medications Many herbs dont work well with seizure meds - ANSWER chamomile, st, johns wort Gingko does not interact with - ANSWER seizure meds What medicine will work right away to stop a seizure - ANSWER benzodiasepines (IV or IM) What are some contraindications for diazepam or valium - ANSWER MAOIs, glaucoma, resp depression, addiction or alcohol abuse (more likely to abuse) What do we give to pt in benzo overdose - ANSWER flumazenil What is the first and most important sign in overdose - ANSWER resp depression How fast do we push flumazenil? - ANSWER 2-4 minutes Different types of seizures - ANSWER tonic-clonic (grand mal), focal, absent, generalized, febrile (short term in childhood) What type of medication do we give to tonic clonic pts - ANSWER benzos Anticholinergics do what - ANSWER dry you out What do anticholinergics work on - ANSWER acetylcholine Anything the parasympathetic system would be causing is stopped by - ANSWER anticholinergics When you take anticholinergic drugs you will have side effects like the - ANSWER sympathetic nervous system When do we use anticholinergics - ANSWER parkinsons, BPH, asthma, COPD, overactive bladder, IBS, dysrhythmias, dilate pupils Anticholinergics are not used for - ANSWER seizures Antidote for anticholinergic toxicity - ANSWER physostigmine salicylate In cholinergics crisis we treat it with - ANSWER atropine Norepinephrine works on - ANSWER monoamyoxidase (MAOIs) What are side effects of muscle relaxers - ANSWER drowsiness, weakness What are examples of muscle relaxants - ANSWER cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol Benzodiazepines can be used to - ANSWER relax muscles too (valium) Parkinsons meds - ANSWER congentin (benztropine) Congentin side effects - ANSWER anticholinergic side effects Contraindications for congentin - ANSWER glaucoma, urinary retention, alcohol Barbiturates - ANSWER phenobarbitral-used for seizure and sedation Meds for cancer - ANSWER methyltrexate, tamoxiphen Methotrexate - ANSWER leukemia, RA, ulcerative colitis What do we monitor when pt takes methotrexate - ANSWER liver functions Tamoxifen is used mainly for - ANSWER breast cancer Colony stimulating factors increase - ANSWER neutrophils How do colony stimulating factors increase neutrophils - ANSWER leukoporesis (stimulates white cell production) Thrombocytopenia - ANSWER decreased platelets How do you fix thrombocytopenia - ANSWER give platelets Reasons a person may have pernicious anemia - ANSWER Vit B12 malabsorption, malnutrition CNS is made up of - ANSWER brain and spinal cord Lidocaine with Epi - ANSWER anesthesia with constrictor Sedative comes - ANSWER first Paralytic comes - ANSWER after Paralytic meds - ANSWER Roculo and succinylcholine Sedative - ANSWER propofol and versed HGb male range - ANSWER 11-16 Hematocrit range - ANSWER 36-54% lactic acid - ANSWER 0.5-2.2 millimoles per liter Antidote for heparin - ANSWER protamine sulfate Coumadin antidote - ANSWER vit K