NR 293 - Exam 1 Answered latest 2022

Pharmaceutics - ANSWER the dosage form that determines the rate of drug dissolution Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER - what the drug does to the body - therapeutic effects Selective Enzyme Interaction - ANSWER when the drug binds to an enzyme molecule and inhibits (blocks) or stimulates the enzyme action with the normal target cell Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER - what the body does to the drug - study of movement of drugs throughout the body Absorption - ANSWER being absorbed or used by the tissues Fastest to Slowest Absorption Routes by Mouth - ANSWER - Sublingual - Liquid Suspension - Capsule - Tablet - Enteric Coated Tablet - Extended Release Tablet First Pass Effect - ANSWER oral doses of drugs are absorbed into the GI tract and metabolized by the liver, resulting in a reduced amount of bioavailability or active drug in the circulatory system. *Oral doses are generally higher to allow for this effect* Drugs that are Effected by First Pass Effect - ANSWER - Elixir - Tablets - Capsules *enteral drugs* What drugs aren't effected by First Pass Effect? - ANSWER - IV - Sublingual - Transdermal Patch - Suppository *parenteral drugs* Half Life - ANSWER - the time t takes for 1/2 of the drug dose to be eliminated from the body -drugs with a long half life enables them to be taken less frequently EX: ibuprofen has a half life of 2 hours, after 1 half life 200 mg will turn into 100 mg Plasma - ANSWER yellow fluid part of blood that holds the cells Interstitial Fluid - ANSWER fluid within the cells Transcellular Fluid - ANSWER part of extracellular fluid Areas of Fast Distribution - ANSWER - Heart - Liver Areas of Slow Distribution - ANSWER - Muscle - Fat - Skin Protein Binding Complications - ANSWER if a person has a low protein , or albumin level, free drug will be circulating and can cause toxicity of the drug. EX: a person with normal albumin levels is prescribed more than one drug that is highly protein binding. the prescriber will likely decrease the dose of both drugs to avoid drug toxicity Normal Albumin Level - ANSWER 3.5-5.5 g/dL Metabolism - ANSWER use and transformation of drugs so that they can be excreted from the body Where are most drugs metabolized/excreted? - ANSWER - Liver - Kidney Neonates/Infants: Drug Metabolism - ANSWER have immature liver and kidneys causing them to have decreased or poor metabolism and excretion of drugs Cytochrome P-450 - ANSWER when drugs are bio-transformed through an enzyme to form fat-soluble metabolites that are easy to eliminate Liver Failure: Drug Metabolism - ANSWER have difficulty metabolizing certain drugs Fast/Slow Acetylators - ANSWER genetic conditions that affect how the liver metabolizes drugs Excretion - ANSWER drugs excreted through liver, kidneys (urine), hair, skin, breath, saliva, perspiration, feces, milk and bile Six Rights of Medication Administration - ANSWER - Right Patient - Right Drug - Right Route - Right Dose - Right Time - Right Documentation What should you do if part of the order is missing? - ANSWER NOTIFY THE PRESCRIBER EX: give mr. jones bactrim PO every 6 hours for UTI (no dose is given) Assessment - ANSWER - always assess the patient before, during and after drug adminitrations - nurses are legally bound as assessment is one of the roles of the RN - failure to assess is a legal liability Diagnosis - ANSWER Nursing diagnoses