Test Bank for A People and a Nation A History of the United States, Volume I To 1877, 9th Edition

Chapter 1—Three Old Worlds Create a New, 1492-1600


SHORT ANSWER
Instructions:
 Identify each item. Give an explanation or description of theitem. Answer thequestions
who, what, where, and when.
 Explain thehistorical significance of each item. Establish thehistorical context in which
theitem exists. Establish theitem as theresult of or as thecause of other factors existing in
thesociety under study. Answer this question: What were thepolitical, social, economic,
and/or cultural consequences of this item?
1. Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca
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2. Paleo-Indians
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3. Teotihuacán
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4. the Mayas
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5. the Pueblos
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6. the Mississippians
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7. the City of theSun (Cahokia)
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8. Monks Mound
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9. The Aztecs
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10. Huitzilopochtli
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11. Tenochtilán
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12. sexual division of labor
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13. Upper Guinea
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14. Lower Guinea
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15. dual-sex principle
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16. the Sandé and Poro cults
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17. the Black Death
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,18. the Hundred Years' War
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19. the lateen sail, thecompass, theastrolabe, and thequadrant
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20. Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile
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21. movable type and theprinting press
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22. Travels by Marco Polo
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23. the Mediterranean Atlantic
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24. the Azores, theMadeiras, and theCanaries
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25. the Northeast Trades and theWesterlies
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26. Prince Henry theNavigator
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27. São Tomé
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28. Christopher Columbus
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29. Amerigo Vespucci
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30. Leif Ericsson
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31. John Cabot
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32. Hernán Cortés
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33. Malinche
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34. the Spanish model of colonization
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35. the encomienda system
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36. Spanish missionaries
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37. the Columbian exchange
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38. smallpox

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39. syphilis
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40. sugar, thehorse, and tobacco
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41. maize
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42. John Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake
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43. Richard Hakluyt
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44. Sir Walter Raleigh
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45. Roanoke
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46. A Briefe and True Report of theNew Found Land of Virginia
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of thefollowing were thefirst to cultivate food crops in theAmericas?
a. European colonists in South America
b. Indians along theAtlantic seaboard of North America
c. Jesuit missionaries in southern California
d. Indians living in central Mexico
ANS: D

2. Which of thefollowing was a consequence of thespread of agricultural techniques among Indian
groups?
a. Cultural differences among groups of Indians disappeared.
b. Most groups began to live a more sedentary existence.
c. The various groups began to engage in almost constant warfare.
d. Political power within thevarious groups fell into thehands of land-owning elite.
ANS: B
3. Why did thepractice of settled agriculture lead to theemergence of more complex civilizations?
a. People practicing settled agriculture needed a more structured political system.
b. People with a steady supply of food were free to devote their energy to accumulating
wealth, producing art, and creating ceremonies and rituals.
c. An increase in thenumber of children in such societies gave rise to theeducational
institutions associated with complex civilizations.
d. Property owners in such societies demanded laws and institutions that protected their
property rights.
ANS: B
4. What did thecity-states of Mesoamerica and theurban clusters known as theMississippian culture have
in common?

, a. Each practiced a form of township democracy.
b. Each was engaged in extensive trade in theCaribbean basin.
c. Each had religious beliefs that were monotheistic.
d. Each reached theheight of its power only after achieving success in agriculture.
ANS: D
5. Which of thefollowing best explains thedifferences in themeans of subsistence and lifestyles that
emerged among Indian groups in theNew World?
a. Disagreements over political beliefs caused groups to separate.
b. The various tribes migrated to theAmericas separately and came from widely divergent
cultures.
c. Different Indian groups adapted their means of subsistence and lifestyles to
theenvironment in which they settled.
d. Geographic barriers in theNew World made interaction between different Indian tribes
impossible.
ANS: C
6. Which of thefollowing best explains thefact that bands of Indian hunters remained small in thearea of
theGreat Basin (present-day Nevada and Utah)?
a. The disease environment dramatically lowered thelife expectancy of theinhabitants of
theGreat Basin.
b. The tribes of theGreat Basin enacted laws that imposed strict limitations on thesize of each
band within thetribe.
c. The inadequate supply of large game made it difficult to find food in sufficient quantity to
support large groups.
d. The practice of human sacrifice significantly reduced thepopulation of thebands and tribes
of theGreat Basin.
ANS: C

7. North American Indian agricultural societies were alike in which of thefollowing respects?
a. They all defined theextended family matrilineally.
b. The clans that made up these societies were defined patrilineally.
c. They all allocated agricultural chores to women.
d. Women were allowed to be chiefs in all these societies.
ANS: A
8. The design of pre-Columbian Indian villages indicates which of thefollowing?
a. These societies had an extensive trade network with one another.
b. Native Americans once had a common culture because there are no differences among
thevillages of hunter-gatherer societies, agricultural societies, and fishing societies.
c. The design of Indian villages around a central place of worship indicates that, although
widely separated, all Indians had thesame religious beliefs.
d. The defensive design of villages indicates that North American Indians fought with each
other long before thearrival of Europeans.
ANS: D
9. Women were most likely to hold political positions in
a. hunting tribes.
b. tribes that had no sexual division of labor.
c. nomadic tribes.
d. agricultural tribes.
ANS: D
10. Which of thefollowing is true of theAlgonquians?