NUR2115: Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam Study Guide.

NUR2115: Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam Study Guide. Know the different types of wellness:  Wellness: an active state of being healthy, including living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health.  Physical Dimension: The physical dimension includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender. These components strongly influence the person’s health status and health practices.  Emotional Dimension: How the mind affects body functions and responds to body conditions also influences health. Long-term stress affects body systems, and anxiety affects health habits; conversely, calm acceptance and relaxation can actually change the body’s responses to illness.  Intellectual Dimension: The intellectual dimension encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences. These influence the person’s responses to teaching about health and reactions to nursing care during illness.  Environmental Dimension: The environment has many influences on health and ill- ness. Housing, sanitation, climate, and pollution of air, food, and water are elements in the environmental dimension.  Sociocultural Dimension: Health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by a per- son’s economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture. In general, low-income groups, racial and ethnic minorities, and other underserved populations are less likely to seek medical care to prevent illness and have fewer treatment options, while high-income groups are more prone to stress-related habits and illness.  Spiritual Dimension: Spiritual beliefs and values are important components of a person’s health and illness behaviors (see Chapter 45). It is important that nurses respect these values and understand their importance for the individual patient. o Three spiritual needs underlie all religious traditions and are common to all people: 1. Need for meaning and purpose 2. Need for love and relatedness 3. Need for forgiveness Know the definition of culture and what it means in healthcare:  Culture: a shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provides social structure for daily living. Culture influences roles and interactions with others as well as within families and communities, and is apparent in the attitudes and institutions unique to particular groups.  Culture in Healthcare: Nurses must be aware of, and sensitive to, the needs of a diverse patient population.  Physiological variation: Studies have shown that certain racial and ethnic groups are more prone to certain diseases and conditions.